Can literature be given a concrete home? The story of the establishment of the Gnazim Archive of Modern Hebrew Literature recounts the attempt to institutionalize this body of literature in the context of the founding of the State of Israel—while simultaneously challenging its demands. This book reveals the persistent tension between the “Republic of Letters” and the nation-state, as well as the painful cost of realizing the ideal and embodiment of the metaphor of “a home for literature” within the “national home.” The Stitches of Hebrewness traces the history of the Gnazim Archive both in its own right and as a mirror of the formation of the canon of modern Hebrew literature. Like any mirror, the archive reflects reality as it is—and in reverse: The canon is thus revealed in a new light, with its erasures, rewritings, and repressions. Perhaps more than anything, the book unfolds the story of a culture and society grappling with a moment of crisis between three overlapping yet conflicting temporal frameworks: Jewish time, Hebrew time, and Israeli time.
המאמר עוסק בביזת הרכוש הפלסטיני במהלך מלחמת 1948 משתי זוויות – משפטית והיסטורית. שני ספרים שפורסמו לאחרונה, ביזת הרכוש הערבי במלחמת העצמאות של אדם רז לוחמים במשפט – השיפוט הצבאי בישראל במלחמת העצמאות של ענת שטרן, מצביעים על הצורך לחזור לסיפור הביזה של חפצי היומיום, ולבחון את השלכותיו ארוכות הטווח על החברה והמשפט בישראל. המחקר המשפטי עד כה התמקד במקרקעין ובנכסי דלא-ניידי, ותרומתם החשובה של ספרים אלה היא בהשבת הרכוש הנייד למרכז הדיון. עם זאת, לטענתנו, הם מספרים לנו היסטוריה "במעמד צד אחד" – לתופעה אשר יש בה שני צדדים – בוזז ונבזז. מסגרת דיון זו אמנם חושפת ומבקרת פרקטיקות שונות של ביזה – אך חסרה כמעט לחלוטין את הקולות והפעולות של הנבזזים הפלסטינים. סדר היום המחקרי שמאמר זה מתווה מבקש להחזיר את בעלי הרכוש הפלסטינים להיסטוריה של הביזה וליצור היסטוריה משולבת – בה שזורים זה בזה החפצים, הבוזזים והנבזזים; המשפט וההיסטוריה; החוק והפרקטיקה. אנחנו מנתחות מכתבי תלונה של אזרחים פלסטינים השמורים בארכיון משרד המיעוטים כצוהר להבנת תפיסות צדק מנקודת המבט של הצד המובס, ולהחזרת הקולות והאג'נסי ל"נפקדים-הנוכחים" משכבות חברתיות שונות, אשר תלונותיהם לא הגיעו לבתי המשפט בישראל. מכתבים אלה חושפים מציאות קשה ומייאשת של אנשים שכל רכושם וכל עולמם נגזל מהם, והם מנסים לפתוח סדק צר בדלתות הבירוקרטיה והמשפט אשר נסגרות בפניהם. העמדת החפצים המטריאליים במרכז הדיון ההיסטורי-משפטי מאפשרת לנו לספר את המעבר בין המנדט למדינה דרך החפצים שנותרו במקומם, אדישים לחילופי משטרים ולחילופי הידיים. הניסיון ללכת בעקבות החפצים ולדובב אותם מאפשר לנו לחשוב על תפקיד החפצים עצמם כעדות היסטורית. קריאה זו גם מזמנת פתח לתיקון מאוחר, דרך סיפור ההיסטוריה של המלחמה והשלכותיה כהיסטוריה משותפת לפלסטינים וישראלים כאחד. זוהי היסטוריה משפטית ביקורתית אשר מסרבת להשליך את האחריות על הבוזזים הפרטיים אלא מנסה להבין את חלקם של החוק ופקידי המשפט בתהליך הנישול, ועל מגמות ארוכות טווח של צמיחת חוסר אמון של אזרחים ערבים ברשויות החוק והמשפט בישראל.
Additive manufacturing technologies based on stereolithography rely on initiating spatial photopolymerization by using photoinitiators activated by UV-visible light. Many applications requiring printing in water are limited since water-soluble photoinitiators are scarce, and their price is skyrocketing. On the contrary, thermal initiators are widely used in the chemical industry for polymerization processes due to their low cost and simplicity of initiation by heat at low temperatures. However, such initiators were never used in 3D printing technologies, such as vat photopolymerization stereolithography, since localizing the heat at specific printing voxels is impossible. Here we propose using a thermal initiator for 3D printing for localized polymerization processes by near-infrared and visible light irradiation without conventional photoinitiators. This is enabled by using gold nanorods or silver nanoparticles at very low concentrations as photothermal converters in aqueous and non-aqueous mediums. Our proof of concept demonstrates the fabrication of hydrogel and polymeric objects using stereolithography-based 3D printers, vat photopolymerization, and two-photon printing.
Fabrication of glass with complex geometric structures by digital additive manufacturing (3D printing) presents a paradigm shift in glass design and molding processes. Till now, 3D printing glasses have suffered from limited printed glass materials and the low resolution of particle-based or fused glass technologies. Herein, a high-resolution 3D printing of transparent nanoporous glass is presented, by the combination of transparent photo-curable sol-gel printing compositions and vat photopolymerization technology (Digital Light Processing, DLP). Multi-component transparent glass, including binary, ternary, and quaternary oxide nanoporous glass objects with complex shapes, high spatial resolutions, and multi-oxide chemical compositions are fabricated, by DLP printing and subsequent sintering process. We successfully demonstrated the photoluminescence and hydrophobic modification of 3D printed glass objectives. This work extends the scope of 3D printing to transparent nanoporous glasses with complex geometry and facile functionalization, making them available for a wide range of applications.
Rapid deployment of automation in today's world has opened up exciting possibilities in the realm of design and fabrication of soft robotic grippers endowed with sensing capabilities. Herein, a novel design and rapid fabrication by 3D printing of a mechano-optic force sensor with a large dynamic range, sensitivity, and linear response, enabled by metamaterials-based structures, is presented. A simple approach for programming the metamaterial's behavior based on mathematical modeling of the sensor under dynamic loading is proposed. Machine learning models are utilized to predict the complete force–deformation profile, encompassing the linear range, the onset of nonlinear behavior, and the slope of profiles in both bending and compression-dominated regions. The design supports seamless integration of the sensor into soft grippers, enabling 3D printing of the soft gripper with an embedded sensor in a single step, thus overcoming the tedious and complex and multiple fabrication steps commonly applied in conventional processes. The sensor boasts a fine resolution of 0.015 N, a measurement range up to 16 N, linearity (adj. R2–0.991), and delivers consistent performance beyond 100 000 cycles. The sensitivity and range of the embedded mechano-optic force sensor can be easily programmed by both the metamaterial structure and the material's properties.
The reputation of Abraham Ibn Ezra (1089 or 1092/93–1164 or 1167) as a key proponent of the peshat (“plain sense”) of Scripture has been questioned due to his tendency (1) to adjust his exegesis to conform with rabbinic halakhic (religious-legal) traditions and (2) his philosophical readings, especially in the Psalms. Drawing upon evidence from his own Sefardic intellectual heritage and by analogy with the complexities of the Christian conception of the “literal sensew” brought to light in recent scholarship, this study aims to clarify the broader definition of peshat conceived by Ibn Ezra that incorporated interpretive considerations beyond the simplest philological construal of the biblical text.
January 2024: Mordechai Z. Cohen is Professor of Bible and Associate Dean at the Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies and Director of the Chinese-Jewish Conversation at Yeshiva University in New York. His research focuses on Jewish Bible interpretation in its Muslim and Christian cultural contexts, as well as a comparison with traditional interpretation of Chinese classical texts. Among his publications are Three Approaches to Biblical Metaphor (Brill Academic Publishers 2003; 2nd edition 2008), Opening the Gates of Interpretation (Brill Academic Publishers 2011), The Rule of Peshat (University of Pennsylvania Press 2020), and Rashi, Biblical Interpretation, and Latin Learning (Cambridge University Press 2021).
Many optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and LEDs, require materials that possess both transparency and conductivity. Indium tin oxide (ITO), the most commonly used transparent conductor, is limited to flat thin films and, therefore, cannot be used in 3D electronics. Herein, we present the fabrication of complex 3D ITO structures at sub-micron resolution via multiphoton absorption polymerization (MAP), a vat photopolymerization technology, by combining sol-gel chemistry and radical polymerization. Following the MAP fabrication, heat treatment is applied to convert the gel into a ceramic ITO. The sintering temperature affects the porosity, electrical conductivity, and transparency of the printed ITO structures. Electrical conductivity was measured for printed objects sintered at temperatures starting at 700 °C up to 1150 °C with a maximum bulk conductivity of 14.47 ± 1.54 S/cm at 1000 °C and maximal transparency above 90 %. Enabling the fabrication of full 3D conductive ITO micro-structures via MAP, this work unlocks new possibilities and perspectives for the fabrication of 3D optoelectronic devices with transparent and conductive components.
Johannes Quaas, Andrews, Timothy , Bellouin, Nicolas , Block, Karoline , Boucher, Olivier , Ceppi, Paulo , Dagan, Guy , Doktorowski, Sabine , Eichholz, Hannah Marie, Forster, Piers , Goren, Tom , Gryspeerdt, Edward , Hodnebrog, Øivind , Jia, Hailing , Kramer, Ryan , Lange, Charlotte , Maycock, Amanda , Mu¨lmenst¨adt, Johannes , Myhre, Gunnar , O’Connor, Fiona , Pincus, Robert , Samset, Bjørn Hallvard, Senf, Fabian , Shine, Keith , Smith, Chris , Stjern, Camilla Weum, Takemura, Toshihiko , Toll, Velle , ו Wall, Casey . 2024. “Adjustments To Climate Perturbations - Mechanisms, Implications, Observational Constraints”. Agu Advances. . Publisher's Version
