2015
Resonance enhancement of high-order harmonic generation has recently been found in the interaction of intense ultra-short laser pulses with laser ablated plasma plumes. It is a promising route towards the production of an intense and coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation source. However, the mechanism of this resonance enhancement is still not clear. There are two possible explanations; one relies on a better recombination cross-section through an auto-ionization state in the single-atom response. The other, relies on improved phase matchingconditions around the resonance. Here we try to discriminate between these two conjectures by measuring coherence lengths of the harmonics, both on resonance and off resonance. Our findings support the single-atom response hypothesis.
Nirit Soffer-Dudek, Lassri, Dana , Soffer-Dudek, Nir , ו Shahar, Golan . 2015.
“Dissociative Absorption: An Empirically Unique, Clinically Relevant, Dissociative Factor”. Consciousness And Cognition, 36, Pp. 338–351.
A significant portion of ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent cellular protein quality control takes place at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a process termed "ER-associated degradation" (ERAD). Yeast ERAD employs two integral ER membrane E3 Ub ligases: Hrd1 (also termed "Der3") and Doa10, which recognize a distinct set of substrates. However, both E3s bind to and activate a common E2-conjugating enzyme, Ubc7. Here we describe a novel feature of the ERAD system that entails differential activation of Ubc7 by its cognate E3s. We found that residues within helix α2 of Ubc7 that interact with donor Ub were essential for polyUb conjugation. Mutagenesis of these residues inhibited the in vitro activity of Ubc7 by preventing the conjugation of donor Ub to the acceptor. Unexpectedly, Ub chain formation by mutant Ubc7 was restored selectively by the Hrd1 RING domain but not by the Doa10 RING domain. In agreement with the in vitro data, Ubc7 α2 helix mutations selectively impaired the in vivo degradation of Doa10 substrates but had no apparent effect on the degradation of Hrd1 substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first example of distinct activation requirements of a single E2 by two E3s. We propose a model in which the RING domain activates Ub transfer by stabilizing a transition state determined by noncovalent interactions between the α2 helix of Ubc7 and Ub and that this transition state may be stabilized further by some E3 ligases, such as Hrd1, through additional interactions outside the RING domain.
On dairy farms in hot climates worldwide, cows suffer from heat stress, which is alleviated by the use of water cooling systems. Sprinklers and showerheads are known to support the development of microbial biofilms, which can be a source of infection by pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of microbial biofilms in dairy cooling systems, and to analyze their population compositions using culture-independent technique, 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biofilm samples were collected on eight dairy farms from 40 sprinklers and the microbial constituents were identified by deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 9,374 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was obtained from all samples. The mean richness of the samples was 465 +/- 268 OTUs which were classified into 26 different phyla; 76% of the reads belonged to only three phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Although the most prevalent OTUs (Paracoccus, Methyloversatilis, Brevundimonas, Porphyrobacter, Gp4, Mycobacterium, Hyphomicrobium, Corynebacterium and Clostridium) were shared by all farms, each farm formed a unique microbial pattern. Some known potential human and livestock pathogens were found to be closely related to the OTUs found in this study. This work demonstrates the presence of biofilm in dairy cooling systems which may potentially serve as a live source for microbial pathogens.
This study investigates the effect of candidates' expenditure on elections' results focusing on run-off elections' data. Our analysis, based on all run-off municipal elections in Israel between 1993 and 2008, shows that candidates' share of the vote is not substantially affected by their campaign spending. This outcome contradicts recent results showing that, in a developing country where voting is compulsory, campaign expenditures have a significant effect on vote shares. Yet, it is in line with the evidence of earlier studies based on developed countries showing that the effect of campaign spending is limited. This leads us to suggest that campaign spending may be effective in developing countries with consolidating democracies because compulsory voting forces the relative poor population to turn out and vote, and this population is relatively more impressionable by campaign spending on media advertisements.
This study investigates the effect of candidates’ expenditure on elections’ results focusing on run-off elections’ data. Our analysis, based on all run-off municipal elections in Israel between 1993 and 2008, shows that candidates’ share of the vote is not substantially affected by their campaign spending. This outcome contradicts recent results showing that, in a developing country where voting is compulsory, campaign expenditures have a significant effect on vote shares. Yet, it is in line with the evidence of earlier studies based on developed countries showing that the effect of campaign spending is limited. This leads us to suggest that campaign spending may be effective in developing countries with consolidating democracies because compulsory voting forces the relative poor population to turn out and vote, and this population is relatively more impressionable by campaign spending on media advertisements.
This study investigates the effect of candidates’ expenditure on elections’ results focusing on run-off elections’ data. Our analysis, based on all run-off municipal elections in Israel between 1993 and 2008, shows that candidates’ share of the vote is not substantially affected by their campaign spending. This outcome contradicts recent results showing that, in a developing country where voting is compulsory, campaign expenditures have a significant effect on vote shares. Yet, it is in line with the evidence of earlier studies based on developed countries showing that the effect of campaign spending is limited. This leads us to suggest that campaign spending may be effective in developing countries with consolidating democracies because compulsory voting forces the relative poor population to turn out and vote, and this population is relatively more impressionable by campaign spending on media advertisements.
This study investigates the effect of candidates’ expenditure on elections’ results focusing on run-off elections’ data. Our analysis, based on all run-off municipal elections in Israel between 1993 and 2008, shows that candidates’ share of the vote is not substantially affected by their campaign spending. This outcome contradicts recent results showing that, in a developing country where voting is compulsory, campaign expenditures have a significant effect on vote shares. Yet, it is in line with the evidence of earlier studies based on developed countries showing that the effect of campaign spending is limited. This leads us to suggest that campaign spending may be effective in developing countries with consolidating democracies because compulsory voting forces the relative poor population to turn out and vote, and this population is relatively more impressionable by campaign spending on media advertisements.
Background: Studies have shown that beyond public and self stigma, stigma can also impact family members. Only scant research has examined the internalised aspects of stigma, known as affiliate stigma, among family caregivers of individuals with disabilities. This study examined affiliate stigma among family caregivers of individuals with developmental disabilities via a comparison between caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and physical disabilities (PD) in Israel. Methods: Family caregivers (n=171) of individuals with developmental disabilities, mainly ID (22.4%), ASD (32.9%) and PD (27.1%), completed a self-report structured questionnaire including the Affiliate Stigma Scale and background variables. Results: Results supported a one-factor structure for the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Overall, affiliate stigma was relatively low in this sample, but was found to be higher among caregivers of individuals with ASD when compared with caregivers of individuals with ID or PD. Conclusion: Findings from this study point to the importance of supporting caregivers of individuals with ASD to decrease their feelings of stigma. It is also important to further develop scales measuring affiliate stigma in order to capture the multi-dimensional nature of the concept.
About 10,500 years ago, after hundreds of thousands of years in which people lived in small, nomadic and nomadic communities, made their living from natural resources as hunter-gatherers and ate the so-called "Paleo diet," a revolution took place in our region - the "agricultural revolution" or the "Neolithic revolution." This led to the creation of permanent societies of food producers. These dense, complex and plentiful societies gave rise to Western culture.
The group of plants that have been captive to the Neolithic "package of crops" in the Near East includes barley, two kinds of wheat, peas, lentils, chickpeas, and flax. Most of these species still provide a large part of the agricultural produce that nourishes man and his farm animals. The animals that were involved in that revolution were the goat, the sheep, the cattle and the pig. Later olive, grape, fig, pomegranate and date trees were added. The agricultural revolution of more than 10,000 years ago contributed the most important nutritional components to the environment and human society till this day in large parts of the world. The transition to an agricultural way of life resulted in far-reaching changes in man's worldview, in social structure and organization, and quickly led human society and culture to the situation we now know.
The book examines the fundamental questions concerning plant domestication in the Near East. It presents various aspects of the domestication of plants and the new relationships between man and plants, and between man and nature in general as a result of domestication. The authors contend that domestication of plant life was rapid and took place in one area, today's southeastern Turkey and northern Syria, and that it was a planned and well-informed process in which a balanced agricultural and nutritional package was constructed.
Avi Gopher is an archaeologist from Tel Aviv University who has been researching the Neolithic period and the subject of the beginning of agriculture in our region. Shahal Abbo is an agronomist from the Hebrew University's Faculty of Agriculture, who has been studying in crops for years, mainly hummus.
N.A. Müller, Wijnen, C.L. , Srinivasan, A. , Ryngajllo, M. , Ofner, I. , Lin, T. , Ranjan, A. , West, D. , Maloof, J.N. , Sinha, N.R. , Huang, S. , Zamir, Dani , ו Jiménez-Gómez, J.M. . 2015.
“Domestication Selected For Deceleration Of The Circadian Clock In Cultivated Tomato”. Nature Genetics, 48, 1, Pp. 89-93. doi:10.1038/ng.3447.
Publisher's Version תקציר The circadian clock is a critical regulator of plant physiology and development, controlling key agricultural traits in crop plants. In addition, natural variation in circadian rhythms is important for local adaptation. However, quantitative modulation of circadian rhythms due to artificial selection has not yet been reported. Here we show that the circadian clock of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has slowed during domestication. Allelic variation of the tomato homolog of the Arabidopsis gene EID1 is responsible for a phase delay. Notably, the genomic region harboring EID1 shows signatures of a selective sweep. We find that the EID1 allele in cultivated tomatoes enhances plant performance specifically under long day photoperiods, suggesting that humans selected slower circadian rhythms to adapt the cultivated species to the long summer days it encountered as it was moved away from the equator. © 2016 Nature America, Inc.
Ievgenia Ostrov, Sela, Noa , Freed, Mor , Khateb, Nihaya , Kott-Gutkowski, Miriam , Inbar, Dana , ו Shemesh, Moshe . 2015.
“Draft Genome Sequence Of Bacillus Licheniformis S127, Isolated From A Sheep Udder Clinical Infection”. Genome Announc, 3, 5. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00971-15.
תקציר Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive biofilm- and endospore-forming bacterium, which contaminates dairy products and can be pathogenic to humans. The draft genome sequencing for B. licheniformis strain S127 is reported here, providing genetic data relevant to the ability of this strain to sustain its survival in the dairy industry.
This article reads Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home (2006) as a rewriting of Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s assumption, which interprets In Search as a complex exercise in decoding signs, the article claims that Fun Home stages the attempt of its protagonists, Alison and her father Bruce, to understand the truth about each other. In particular, it addresses the issues of sexual identity, spatiality, and death as some of the crucial motifs in In Search that Bechdel retrieves in Fun Home. The protagonists’ “experiment in decoding” turns out to be a failure, due to the impossibility of understanding and deciphering the signs of each other’s intimate truths. June 2015: Fiorenzo Iuliano works as a lecturer in American literature at the University of Cagliari (Italy). His research interests include contemporary American fiction and graphic novels, cultural studies and theories of the body and corporeality. In 2012 he authored a book on the representation of the body in American fiction of the 1990s and a monograph on the work of Gayatri Ch. Spivak. He is currently writing a book on the cultural scene of Seattle in the 1990s. |
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