2016
Amit Yaari, Schilt, Yaelle , Tamburu, Carmen , Raviv, Uri , ו Shoseyov, Oded . 2016.
“Wet Spinning And Drawing Of Human Recombinant Collagen”. Acs Biomaterials Science & Engineeringacs Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2, 3, Pp. 349 - 360. .
Publisher's Version Background Research in the field of family quality of life (FQOL) emphasises the importance of attainable support resources for families of children with developmental disability (DD). In this study we explored FQOL by examining some of its specific domains and expanded upon them. The 2 main aims were to examine differences in FQOL according to the degree of religiosity among Israeli Jewish families and to investigate the contribution of family, social, and governmental service support, as well as religion and spirituality to FQOL. Method Parents from 170 Jewish families of children with DD aged 3 to 14 years completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included the Family Quality of Life Survey – 2006 and instruments measuring family support, social support, support from governmental services, and support through religion and spirituality. Results Religious families reported a higher FQOL in comparison with secular families. No differences were found, however, between religious and secular families regarding familial, social, and service supports. Familial support and religious and spiritual support were found to contribute to the FQOL of religious families, whereas social support contributed to the FQOL of secular families. Conclusion These findings help clarify which supporting factors predict the FQOL for families living in Israel. Suitable support resources should be offered to families raising children with DD in order to enhance their FQOL.
In the Soviet period, Turkmenistan specialised in cotton production. When the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to a breakdown of agricultural trade links between the former Soviet republics, Turkmenistan could no longer rely on assured supplies of wheat in exchange for its cotton, and the food security situation deteriorated. The government launched the Zerno (Grain) Programme in 1991 to resolve emerging difficulties with wheat supply. The measures undertaken between 1991 and 2013 within the framework of this programme included the reorganisation of the government control system for agriculture, the transformation of the farming structure and the implementation of land and water reform. Massive investments amounting to USD 5.5 billion were made in opening up virgin lands for cultivation, developing new infrastructure for grain processing and purchasing new farm machinery. The special attention paid to the grain sector led to the rapid expansion of wheat production. Traditionally a wheat importer, Turkmenistan started exporting wheat in 2010. Projections by local experts suggest that, despite the expected population increase of about 30% over the next 15 years, Turkmenistan will be able to maintain wheat exports at the level of 200,000-400,000 tons annually. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017.
A. Drori, Kan-tor, Y. , Nadorp, B. , Goldstein, C. , Buxboim, A. , Nahmias, Y. , ו Levy, L.. 2016.
“When Every Second Counts: Novel Device To Shorten Chest Tube Insertion Time In A Pre-Hospital Setting”. Pulmonary Therapy, 2, Pp. 215-219. doi:10.1007/s41030-016-0020-4.
Publisher's Version תקציר Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening medical emergency mostly associated with chest trauma. It is considered a leading cause of death due to injury and represents a substantial portion of potentially preventable deaths in the battlefield. The accepted therapeutic approach is manual thoracostomy with chest tube insertion. This is a relatively simple procedure when performed by skilled hands and in optimal conditions. In the battlefield and in other pre-hospital settings or when performed by unprofessional personnel, it may become complicated and time-consuming. We describe a novel technique for the treatment of pneumothorax in the pre-hospital setting, utilizing a quick, one-handed, easy-to-apply approach. © 2016, The Author(s).
Bacterial cells are intricately organized, despite the lack of membrane-bounded organelles. The extremely crowded cytoplasm promotes macromolecular self-assembly and formation of distinct subcellular structures, which perform specialized functions. For example, the cell poles act as hubs for signal transduction complexes, thus providing a platform for the coordination of optimal cellular responses to environmental cues. Distribution of macromolecules is mostly mediated via specialized transport machineries, including the MreB cytoskeleton. Recent evidence shows that RNAs also specifically localize within bacterial cells, raising the possibility that gene expression is spatially organized. Here we review the current understanding of where things are in bacterial cells and discuss emerging questions that need to be addressed in the future.
What determines how close you choose to stand to someone? Why do some people prefer farther distances than others? We hypothesized that an important factor is one’s sensory sensitivity level, i.e. how sensitive one is to nearby visual stimulation, noise, touch or smell. This study characterizes the behavioral, hormonal and electrophysiological metrics of interpersonal distance (IPD) preferences in relation to levels of sensory sensitivity. Using both an ecologically realistic task and electroencephalogram (EEG), we found that sensory sensitivity levels predicted IPD preferences, such that the more sensitive one is the farther distance they prefer. Furthermore, electrophysiological evidence revealed that individuals with higher sensory sensitivity show more alpha suppression for approaching stimuli, strengthening the notion that early sensory cortical excitability is involved in one’s social decision of how close to stand to another. The results provide evidence that a core human metric of social interaction is influenced by individual levels of sensory sensitivity.
Following its defeat in the Second World War, Germany began to reevaluate its cultural assets. Critiques of "black pedagogy" and its effects on child-rearing practices led to the liberalization of the German family. Parents and kindergarten teachers began to promote values such as responsibility and autonomy, and it appeared that "black pedagogy" would become a thing of the past. The present paper assesses this claim by engaging in a qualitative analysis of interviews with eighty Israelis who live in Germany, coupled with one hundred further responses to an online questionnaire. The findings suggest that, in contrast to the notion that child-rearing methods have changed, the troubling practices of the past have persisted. While confirming the presence of values such as autonomy, politeness and pacifism, respondents reported on the stubborn presence of blind obedience to disciplinary measures aimed at preserving order. After presenting those findings, the paper assesses the effects of this persistent pedagogy, finding both a lack of creativity and lack of empathy in German adults. In the child-rearing practices of the early 21st century, Israelis see characteristics that may have provided fertile ground for the Holocaust. They perceptively discern the character traits that allowed ordinary Germans to collaborate with the Nazi regime. It may be that the Israeli cultural trauma magnifies those perceptions, but the respondents insist that traces of black pedagogy can still be found in Germany today. Some even fear that if this pedagogy persists, it could once again lead to a repeat of what happened during the Third Reich; this time, in the seemingly multicultural and modern liberal country of Germany.
A.H. Shalev, Sobol, I. , Ghanim, M. , Liu, S.-S. , ו Czosnek, Henryk . 2016.
“The Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci Knottin-1 Gene Is Implicated In Regulating The Quantity Of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Ingested And Transmitted By The Insect”. Viruses, 8, 7. doi:10.3390/v8070205.
Publisher's Version תקציר The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a major pest to agricultural crops. It transmits begomoviruses, such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), in a circular, persistent fashion. Transcriptome analyses revealed that B. tabaci knottin genes were responsive to various stresses. Upon ingestion of tomato begomoviruses, two of the four knottin genes were upregulated, knot-1 (with the highest expression) and knot-3. In this study, we examined the involvement of B. tabaci knottin genes in relation to TYLCV circulative transmission. Knottins were silenced by feeding whiteflies with knottin dsRNA via detached tomato leaves. Large amounts of knot-1 transcripts were present in the abdomen of whiteflies, an obligatory transit site of begomoviruses in their circulative transmission pathway; knot-1 silencing significantly depleted the abdomen from knot-1 transcripts. Knot-1 silencing led to an increase in the amounts of TYLCV ingested by the insects and transmitted to tomato test plants by several orders of magnitude. This effect was not observed following knot-3 silencing. Hence, knot-1 plays a role in restricting the quantity of virions an insect may acquire and transmit. We suggest that knot-1 protects B. tabaci against deleterious effects caused by TYLCV by limiting the amount of virus associated with the whitefly vector. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
A. Leimbach, Poehlein, A. , Witten, A. , Wellnitz, O. , Shpigel, N. , Petzl, W. , Zerbe, H. , Daniel, R. , ו Dobrindt, U.. 2016.
“Whole-Genome Draft Sequences Of Six Commensal Fecal And Six Mastitis-Associated Escherichia Coli Strains Of Bovine Origin”. Genome Announcgenome Announc, 4.
תקציר The bovine gastrointestinal tract is a natural reservoir for commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains with the ability to cause mastitis. Here, we report the whole-genome sequences of six E. coli isolates from acute mastitis cases and six E. coli isolates from the feces of udder-healthy cows.
Working memory (WM) and empathy are core issues in cognitive and social science, respectively. However, no study so far has explored the relationship between these two constructs. Considering that empathy takes place based on the others’ observed experiences, which requires extracting the observed dynamic scene into WM and forming a coherent representation, we hypothesized that a sub-type of WM capacity, i.e., WM for biological movements (BM), should predict one’s empathy level. Therefore, WM capacity was measured for three distinct types of stimuli in a change detection task: BM of human beings (BM; Experiment 1), movements of rectangles (Experiment 2), and static colors (Experiment 3). The first two stimuli were dynamic and shared one WM buffer which differed from the WM buffer for colors; yet only the BM conveyed social information. We found that BM-WM capacity was positively correlated with both cognitive and emotional empathy, with no such correlations for WM capacity of movements of rectangles or of colors. Thus, the current study is the first to provide evidence linking a specific buffer of WM and empathy, and highlights the necessity for considering different WM capacities in future social and clinical research.
The paper assigns, in a ‘pointillistic’ structural profile, narrative functions to dyma and dyna, formal presentatives, in syntactic detail and macrosyntactic patterning, on the database of Kate Roberts’s short stories and novellas.1 The extensive distribution and rich functional range of these elements matches their formal complexity and narratological significance. This presentative pair, expanded by verbal, substantival or pronominal presentates, form six narrative tenses, distinct formally and functionally, in complex interplay with their environment.In fact, however, dyma and dyna comprise doubly two homonyms: dyma/dyna presentatives, and dyma/dyna referential pronouns, typically rhematic or focal.Following a descriptive breakdown of the syntactic properties of the presentatives, the Presentative Narrative Tenses (PNTs) I to VI are discussed.Functionally striking and statistically prevalent is (PNT I) # dyma + noun phrase/personal pronoun + yn-converb2#, where we encounter two homonymous sub-tenses: the first with specific scenic or theatrical (‘dramatic’, narratologically scene-setting) semantics; the second non-scenic, but tagmemically functional. It is noteworthy that the entire presentative clause is high-level, narratologically rhematic or focal to the preceding text: it contains the key event. The presentative signals immediacy between narrator, reader and narrated character.Two presentative narrative tenses are non-verbal: adverbial presentates (dramatic presentation of motion) and scenic presentation of nouns.Another major issue treated here concerns the anaphoric pronouns dyna and dyma, rhematic in Nominal Sentence and Cleft Sentence patterns.
