A sequence of regio- and stereoselective carbometalation followed by oxidation of ynamides leads to stereodefined fully substituted enolates that subsequently react with various functionalized allyl bromide reagents to provide the expected products possessing an enantiomerically pure quaternary carbon stereocentre in the α-position to the carbonyl group in excellent yields and enantiomeric ratios after cleavage of the oxazolidinone moiety. Three new bonds are formed in a single-pot operation.
The essay focuses on Jonas B. Phillips (1805–1869), a largely forgotten author, poet, and playwright who was one of the first Jews to enjoy literary success in early 19th-century America. Phillips won his fame mainly by writing popular stage melodramas that did not openly explore Jewish themes, causing him — like other Jewish writers of his time and literary interests — to be excluded from histories of Jewish American writing, since his work has been seen by scholars as neither “Jewish” nor “literary” enough. The essay argues that Phillips’ play The Evil Eye (1831), an adaptation of a short story by Mary Shelley, gives covert expression to the challenges of early Jewish American citizenship by reworking the image of the Wandering Jew, a mythic figure that had recently been revitalized in Romantic and Gothic literature. Though he is never identified openly with the Wandering Jew, the hero of Shelley’s story and of Phillips’ play bears striking similarities to the famous wanderer, and in Phillips’ adaptation he comes to represent the menacing foreigner who is miraculously recognized as kin and welcomed back into the family. Offering an allegory for the Jews’ homecoming in the newly established United States, the play also reflects lingering fear of anti-Semitism in its efforts to tone down the wanderer’s Gothic “otherness.” A later, uncompleted attempt by Phillips to make a villainous Jew into the hero of a new melodrama points to his lingering interest in Gothic iterations of the Jew, while also suggesting the danger that such demonized figures presented to Jewish authors in the young Republic. |
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Yael Shapira is a lecturer in the English Department of Bar-Ilan University. Her research interests include eighteenth-century English fiction and cultural history, the Gothic and the history of popular publishing. She is currently completing a book on the representation of the dead body in the eighteenth-century English novel and beginning a new research project focused on forgotten female Gothic novelists of the 1790s. Updated on September 15, 2016. |
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Adam R Hamilton, Shpigler, Hagai Y. , Bloch, Guy , Wheeler, Diana , ו Robinson, Gene E.. 2017.
“Endocrine Influences On Insect Societies”. בתוך Hormones, Brain And Behavior, 3rd ed, 2:Pp. 421-451. Oxford: Academic Press.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803592-4.00037-7.
Publisher's Version תקציר Chapter Outline30.1 Introduction30.2 Overview of Division of Labor in Insect Societies 30.2.1 Division of Labor for Reproduction 30.2.2 Division of Labor among Workers 30.2.3 Primitive and Advanced Eusociality30.3 Insect Hormones That Influence Division of Labor30.4 Endocrine Signaling in Reproductive Division of Labor 30.4.1 JH and Reproductive Division of Labor 30.4.2 Ecdysone and Reproductive Division of Labor 30.4.3 Nutrition and Metabolic Factors Influencing Reproductive Division of Labor 30.4.4 Biogenic Amines and Reproductive Division of Labor30.5 Endocrine Influences on Division of Labor Among Workers: Behavioral Maturation 30.5.1 Juvenile Hormone and Behavioral Maturation 30.5.2 Ecdysone and Behavioral Maturation 30.5.3 Nutrition and Metabolic Factors Influencing Behavioral Maturation 30.5.4 Biogenic Amines and Behavioral Maturation30.6 Endocrine Influences on Division of Labor Among Workers: Morphologically Distinct Castes 30.6.1 Juvenile Hormone and Worker Caste Differentiation 30.7 The Transcriptomic Architecture Linking Endocrine Signaling and Behavioral State30.8 Evolutionary Perspectives 30.8.1 Endocrine-Related Signatures of Selection 30.8.2 Speculation on the Evolution of Division of Labor: A Neuroendocrine Perspective 30.8.3 Level One: Incipient Societies and Endocrine-Mediated Social Inhibition among Adults 30.8.4 Level Two: Pre-Adult Endocrine-Mediated Social Inhibition30.8.5 Level Three: Pre-Adult, Endocrine-Mediated Social Inhibition Enhanced by DisruptiveSelection 30.8.6 Level Four: Division of Labor among Adult Workers and its Regulation by Endocrine-Mediated Social Inhibition30.8.7 Level Five: Division of Labor among Morphologically Distinct Adult Workers and ItsRegulation by Pre-Adult, Endocrine-Mediated Social Inhibition30.8.8 Concluding Remarks
Iair Arcavi, D. Howell, Andrew , Kasen, Daniel , Bildsten, Lars , Hosseinzadeh, Griffin , McCully, Curtis , Wong, Zheng Chuen, Katz, Sarah Rebekah, Gal-Yam, Avishay , Sollerman, Jesper , Taddia, Francesco , Leloudas, Giorgos , Fremling, Christoffer , Nugent, Peter E, Horesh, Assaf , Mooley, Kunal , Rumsey, Clare , S. Cenko, Bradley , Graham, Melissa L, Perley, Daniel A, Nakar, Ehud , Shaviv, Nir J, Bromberg, Omer , Shen, Ken J, Ofek, Eran O, Cao, Yi , Wang, Xiaofeng , Huang, Fang , Rui, Liming , Zhang, Tianmeng , Li, Wenxiong , Li, Zhitong , Zhang, Jujia , Valenti, Stefano , Guevel, David , Shappee, Benjamin , Kochanek, Christopher S, Holoien, Thomas W-S, Filippenko, Alexei V, Fender, Rob , Nyholm, Anders , Yaron, Ofer , Kasliwal, Mansi M, Sullivan, Mark , Blagorodnova, Nadja , Walters, Richard S, Lunnan, Ragnhild , Khazov, Danny , Andreoni, Igor , Laher, Russ R, Konidaris, Nick , Wozniak, Przemek , ו Bue, Brian . 2017.
“Energetic Eruptions Leading To A Peculiar Hydrogen-Rich Explosion Of A Massive Star”. \Nat, 551, Pp. 210-213. doi:10.1038/nature24030.
Guy Polturak, Grossman, Noam , Vela-Corcia, David , Dong, Yonghui , Nudel, Adi , Pliner, Margarita , Levy, Maggie , Rogachev, Ilana , ו Aharoni, Asaph . 2017.
“Engineered Gray Mold Resistance, Antioxidant Capacity, And Pigmentation In Betalain-Producing Crops And Ornamentals”. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 114, 34, Pp. 9062–9067. doi:10.1073/pnas.1707176114.
Publisher's Version תקציר In plants, three major classes of pigments are generally responsible for colors seen in fruits and flowers: anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betalains. Betalains are red-violet and yellow plant pigments that have been reported to possess strong antioxidant and health-promoting properties, including anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic activity. Here, heterologous betalain production was achieved for the first time in three major food crops: tomato, potato, and eggplant. Remarkably, betalain production in tobacco resulted in significantly enhanced resistance toward gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), a plant pathogen responsible for major crop losses. Considering the significant characteristics of these molecules, heterologous betalain production now offers exciting opportunities for creating new value for consumers, producers, and suppliers of food crops and ornamental plants.Betalains are tyrosine-derived red-violet and yellow plant pigments known for their antioxidant activity, health-promoting properties, and wide use as food colorants and dietary supplements. By coexpressing three genes of the recently elucidated betalain biosynthetic pathway, we demonstrate the heterologous production of these pigments in a variety of plants, including three major food crops: tomato, potato, and eggplant, and the economically important ornamental petunia. Combinatorial expression of betalain-related genes also allowed the engineering of tobacco plants and cell cultures to produce a palette of unique colors. Furthermore, betalain-producing tobacco plants exhibited significantly increased resistance toward gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), a pathogen responsible for major losses in agricultural produce. Heterologous production of betalains is thus anticipated to enable biofortification of essential foods, development of new ornamental varieties, and innovative sources for commercial betalain production, as well as utilization of these pigments in crop protection.
D. Farfurnik, Alfasi, N. , Masis, S. , Kauffmann, Y. , Farchi, E. , Romach, Y. , Hovav, Y. , Buks, E. , ו Bar-Gill, N.. 2017.
“Enhanced Concentrations Of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers In Diamond Through Tem Irradiation”. Appl. Phys. Lett., 111, Pp. 123101. .
Publisher's Version We present a method of enhanced sensing of AC magnetic fields. The method is based on the construction of a robust qubit by the application of continuous driving fields. Specifically, magnetic noise and power fluctuations of the driving fields do not operate within the robust qubit subspace, hence robustness to both external and controller noise is achieved. The scheme is applicable to either a single ion or an ensemble of ions. We consider trapped-ion based implementation via the dipole transitions, which is relevant for several types of ions, such as the
,
and the
ions. Taking experimental errors into account, we conclude that the coherence time of the robust qubit can be improved by up to ~4 orders of magnitude compared to the coherence time of the bare states. We show how the robust qubit can be utilised for the task of sensing AC magnetic fields in the range
with an improvement of ~2 orders of magnitude of the sensitivity. In addition, we present a microwave-based sensing scheme that is suitable for ions with a hyperfine structure, such as the
,
,
,
,
,
,
and the
ions. This scheme enables the enhanced sensing of high-frequency fields at the GHz level.
Dynamical decoupling techniques are the method of choice for increasing gate fidelities. While these methods have produced very impressive results in terms of decreasing local noise and increasing the fidelities of single-qubit operations, dealing with the noise of two-qubit gates has proven more challenging. The main obstacle is that the noise time scale is shorter than the two-qubit gate itself, so that refocusing methods do not work. We present a measurement- and feedback-based method to suppress two-qubit-gate noise, which cannot be suppressed by conventional methods. We analyze in detail this method for an error model, which is relevant for trapped-ion quantum information.
Noa Ben-Ishay, Oknin, Hilla , Steinberg, Doron , Berkovich, Zipi , Reifen, Ram , ו Shemesh, Moshe . 2017.
“Enrichment Of Milk With Magnesium Provides Healthier And Safer Dairy Products”. Npj Biofilms And Microbiomes, 3, 1, Pp. 24. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Biofilms on the surfaces of milk-processing equipment are often a major source of contamination of dairy products. Members of the genus Bacillus appear to be among the most commonly found bacteria in dairy farms and processing plants. Bacillus species may thrive in dairy farm equipment and in dairy products since they can form robust biofilms during growth within milk. We found that fortification of milk with magnesium mitigated biofilm formation by Bacillus species, and thus could notably reduce dairy product spoilage. We also show that the mode of action of Mg2+ ions is specific to inhibition of transcription of genes involved in biofilm formation. Our further findings indicate that in the presence of Mg2+ bacterial cells are hypersensitive to the heat pasteurization applied during milk processing. Additionally, we demonstrated that enrichment of milk with magnesium improved technological properties of milk products such as soft cheeses. Finally, we report that there is a notable increase in the intestinal bioavailability potential of magnesium from supplemented milk compared with that from non-supplemented milk.
From Halakhic innovation to blood libels, from the establishment of new mendicant orders to the institutionalization of Islamicate bureaucracy, and from the development of the inquisitorial process to the rise of yeshivas, universities, and madrasas, the long thirteenth century saw a profusion of political, cultural, and intellectual changes in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. These were informed by, and in turn informed, the religious communities from which they arose. In city streets and government buildings, Jews, Christians, and Muslims lived, worked, and disputed with one another, sharing and shaping their respective cultures in the process. The interaction born of these relationships between minority and majority cultures, from love and friendship to hostility and violence, can be described as a complex and irreducible "entanglement." The contributors to Entangled Histories: Knowledge, Authority, and Jewish Culture in the Thirteenth Century argue that this admixture of persecution and cooperation was at the foundation of Jewish experience in the Middle Ages.
