A menu description defines a mechanism to player i in two steps. Step (1) uses the reports of other players to describe i's menu: the set of i's potential outcomes. Step (2) uses i's report to select i's favorite outcome from her menu. Can menu descriptions better expose strategyproofness, without sacrificing simplicity? We propose a new, simple menu description of Deferred Acceptance. We prove that—in contrast with other common matching mechanisms—this menu description must differ substantially from the corresponding traditional description. We demonstrate, with a lab experiment on two simple mechanisms, the promise and challenges of menu descriptions.
Harel Bacher, Montagu, Aviad , Herrmann, Ittai , Walia, Harkamal , Schwartz, Nimrod , ו Peleg, Zvi . 2023.
“Stress-Induced Deeper Rooting Introgression Enhances Wheat Yield Under Terminal Drought”. Journal Of Experimental Botany, 74, 16, Pp. 4862-4874. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Water scarcity is the primary environmental constraint affecting wheat growth and production and is increasingly exacerbated due to climatic fluctuation, which jeopardizes future food security. Most breeding efforts to improve wheat yields under drought have focused on above-ground traits. Root traits are closely associated with various drought adaptability mechanisms, but the genetic variation underlying these traits remains untapped, even though it holds tremendous potential for improving crop resilience. Here, we examined this potential by re-introducing ancestral alleles from wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) and studied their impact on root architecture diversity under terminal drought stress. We applied an active sensing electrical resistivity tomography approach to compare a wild emmer introgression line (IL20) and its drought-sensitive recurrent parent (Svevo) under field conditions. IL20 exhibited greater root elongation under drought, which resulted in higher root water uptake from deeper soil layers. This advantage initiated at the pseudo-stem stage and increased during the transition to the reproductive stage. The increased water uptake promoted higher gas exchange rates and enhanced grain yield under drought. Overall, we show that this presumably ‘lost’ drought-induced mechanism of deeper rooting profile can serve as a breeding target to improve wheat productiveness under changing climate.
Joanna Zamel, Chen, Jiaxing , Zaer, Sofia , Harris, Paul David , Drori, Paz , Lebendiker, Mario , Kalisman, Nir , Dokholyan, Nikolay V. , ו Lerner, Eitan . 2023.
“Structural And Dynamic Insights Into Α-Synuclein Dimer Conformations”. Structure, 31, 4, Pp. 411-423. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Parkinson's disease is associated with the aggregation of the protein α-synuclein. While αsynuclein can exist in multiple oligomeric states, the dimer has been a subject of extensive debates. Here, using an array of biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that α-synuclein in vitro exhibits primarily a monomer-dimer equilibrium in nanomolar concentrations and up to a few micromolars. We then use spatial information from hetero-isotopic crosslinking mass spectrometry experiments as restrains in discrete molecular dynamics simulations to obtain the ensemble structure of dimeric species. Out of eight structural subpopulations of dimers, we identify one that is compact, stable, abundant, and exhibits partially exposed β-sheet structures. This compact dimer is the only one where the hydroxyls of tyrosine 39 are in proximity that may promote dityrosine covalent linkage upon hydroxyl radicalization, which is implicated in α-synuclein amyloid fibrils. We propose that this α-synuclein dimer features etiological relevance to Parkinson’s disease.
Emma Joy Dodson, Ma, Jianfei , Szlejf, Maayan Suissa, Maroudas-Sklare, Naama , Paltiel, Yossi , Adir, Noam , Sun, Shan , Sui, Sen-Fang , ו Keren, Nir . 2023.
“The Structural Basis For Light Acclimation In Phycobilisome Light Harvesting Systems In Porphyridium Purpureum”, 6, 1, Pp. 1210. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Photosynthetic organisms adapt to changing light conditions by manipulating their light harvesting complexes. Biophysical, biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects of these processes are studied extensively. The structural basis for these studies is lacking. In this study we address this gap in knowledge by focusing on phycobilisomes (PBS), which are large structures found in cyanobacteria and red algae. In this study we focus on the phycobilisomes (PBS), which are large structures found in cyanobacteria and red algae. Specifically, we examine red algae (Porphyridium purpureum) grown under a low light intensity (LL) and a medium light intensity (ML). Using cryo-electron microscopy, we resolve the structure of ML-PBS and compare it to the LL-PBS structure. The ML-PBS is 13.6 MDa, while the LL-PBS is larger (14.7 MDa). The LL-PBS structure have a higher number of closely coupled chromophore pairs, potentially the source of the red shifted fluorescence emission from LL-PBS. Interestingly, these differences do not significantly affect fluorescence kinetics parameters. This indicates that PBS systems can maintain similar fluorescence quantum yields despite an increase in LL-PBS chromophore numbers. These findings provide a structural basis to the processes by which photosynthetic organisms adapt to changing light conditions.
Yaki Caspi, Mazar, Michael , Kushnir, Yishai , Mazor, Yoav , Katz, Ben , Lev, Shaya , ו Binshtok, Alexander M. 2023.
“Structural Plasticity Of Axon Initial Segment In Spinal Cord Neurons Underlies Inflammatory Pain”. Pain, 164, 6, Pp. 1388-1401. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002829.
תקציר Physiological or pathology-mediated changes in neuronal activity trigger structural plasticity of the action potential generation site-the axon initial segment (AIS). These changes affect intrinsic neuronal excitability, thus tuning neuronal and overall network output. Using behavioral, immunohistochemical, electrophysiological, and computational approaches, we characterized inflammation-related AIS plasticity in rat's superficial (lamina II) spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) neurons and established how AIS plasticity regulates the activity of SDH neurons, thus contributing to pain hypersensitivity. We show that in naive conditions, AIS in SDH inhibitory neurons is located closer to the soma than in excitatory neurons. Shortly after inducing inflammation, when the inflammatory hyperalgesia is at its peak, AIS in inhibitory neurons is shifted distally away from the soma. The shift in AIS location is accompanied by the decrease in excitability of SDH inhibitory neurons. These AIS location and excitability changes are selective for inhibitory neurons and reversible. We show that AIS shift back close to the soma, and SDH inhibitory neurons' excitability increases to baseline levels following recovery from inflammatory hyperalgesia. The computational model of SDH inhibitory neurons predicts that the distal shift of AIS is sufficient to decrease the intrinsic excitability of these neurons. Our results provide evidence of inflammatory pain-mediated AIS plasticity in the central nervous system, which differentially affects the excitability of inhibitory SDH neurons and contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Nimrod Levin, Udayar, Shagini , Lipshits-Braziler, Yuliya , Gati, Itamar , ו Rossier, Jerome . 2023.
“The Structure Of The Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire Across 13 Countries”. Journal Of Career Assessment, 31, 1, Pp. 129–148.
Maayan Franco, Fassler, Rosi , Goldberg, Tzvi S, Chole, Hanna , Herz, Yogev , S Woodard, Hollis , Reichmann, Dana , ו Bloch, Guy . 2023.
“Substances In The Mandibular Glands Mediate Queen Effects On Larval Development And Colony Organization In An Annual Bumble Bee”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 120, Pp. e2302071120.
Social organization is commonly dynamic, with extreme examples in annual social insects, but little is known about the underlying signals and mechanisms. Bumble bee larvae with close contact to a queen do not differentiate into gynes, pupate at an earlier age, and are commonly smaller than siblings that do not contact a queen. We combined detailed observations, proteomics, microRNA transcriptomics, and gland removal surgery to study the regulation of brood development and division of labor in the annual social bumble bee Bombus terrestris. We found that regurgitates fed to larvae by queens and workers differ in their protein and microRNA composition. The proteome of the regurgitate overlaps significantly with that of the mandibular (MG) and hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), suggesting that these exocrine glands are sources of regurgitate proteins. The proteome of the MG and HPG, but not the salivary glands, differs between queens and workers, with caste-specificity preserved for the MG and regurgitate proteomes. Queens subjected to surgical removal of the MG showed normal behavior, brood care, and weight gain, but failed to shorten larval development. These findings suggest that substances in the queen MG are fed to larvae and influence their developmental program. We suggest that when workers emerge and contribute to larval feeding, they dilute the effects of the queen substances, until she can no longer manipulate the development of all larvae. Longer developmental duration may allow female larvae to differentiate into gynes rather than to workers, mediating the colony transition from the ergonomic to the reproductive phase.
Maayan Franco, Fassler, Rosi , Goldberg, Tzvi S, Chole, Hanna , Herz, Yogev , Woodard, S. Hollis , Reichmann, Dana , ו Bloch, Guy . 2023.
“Substances In The Mandibular Glands Mediate Queen Effects On Larval Development And Colony Organization In An Annual Bumble Bee”. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 120, Pp. e2302071120. doi:10.1073/pnas.2302071120.
Publisher's Version תקציר Social organization is commonly dynamic, with extreme examples in annual social insects, but little is known about the underlying signals and mechanisms. Bumble bee larvae with close contact to a queen do not differentiate into gynes, pupate at an earlier age, and are commonly smaller than siblings that do not contact a queen. We combined detailed observations, proteomics, microRNA transcriptomics, and gland removal surgery to study the regulation of brood development and division of labor in the annual social bumble bee Bombus terrestris. We found that regurgitates fed to larvae by queens and workers differ in their protein and microRNA composition. The proteome of the regurgitate overlaps significantly with that of the mandibular (MG) and hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), suggesting that these exocrine glands are sources of regurgitate proteins. The proteome of the MG and HPG, but not the salivary glands, differs between queens and workers, with caste-specificity preserved for the MG and regurgitate proteomes. Queens subjected to surgical removal of the MG showed normal behavior, brood care, and weight gain, but failed to shorten larval development. These findings suggest that substances in the queen MG are fed to larvae and influence their developmental program. We suggest that when workers emerge and contribute to larval feeding, they dilute the effects of the queen substances, until she can no longer manipulate the development of all larvae. Longer developmental duration may allow female larvae to differentiate into gynes rather than to workers, mediating the colony transition from the ergonomic to the reproductive phase.
Jonathan Dayan, Melkman-Zehavi, Tal , Reicher, Naama , Braun, Ulrike , Inhuber, Vivienne , Mabjeesh, Sameer J. , Halevy, Orna , ו Uni, Zehava . 2023.
“Supply And Demand Of Creatine And Glycogen In Broiler Chicken Embryos”. Frontiers In Physiology, 14. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Optimal embryonic development and growth of meat-type chickens (broilers) rely on incubation conditions (oxygen, heat, and humidity), on nutrients and on energy resources within the egg. Throughout incubation and according to the embryo’s energy balance, the main energy storage molecules (creatine and glycogen) are continuously utilized and synthesized, mainly in the embryonic liver, breast muscle, and the extraembryonic yolk sac (YS) tissue. During the last phase of incubation, as the embryo nears hatching, dynamic changes in energy metabolism occur. These changes may affect embryonic survival, hatchlings’ uniformity, quality and post hatch performance of broilers, hence, being of great importance to poultry production. Here, we followed the dynamics of creatine and glycogen from embryonic day (E) 11 until hatch and up to chick placement at the farm. We showed that creatine is stored mainly in the breast muscle while glycogen is stored mainly in the YS tissue. Analysis of creatine synthesis genes revealed their expression in the liver, kidney, YS tissue and in the breast muscle, suggesting a full synthesis capacity in these tissues. Expression analysis of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis, revealed that glycogen metabolism is most active in the liver. Nevertheless, due to the relatively large size of the breast muscle and YS tissue, their contribution to glycogen metabolism in embryos is valuable. Towards hatch, post E19, creatine levels in all tissues increased while glycogen levels dramatically decreased and reached low levels at hatch and at chick placement. This proves the utmost importance of creatine in energy supply to late-term embryos and hatchlings.
Lee Barel Refaeli, Rodrigues, Mariana , Neaman, Annaliese , Bertele, Nina , Ziv, Yair , Talmon, Anat , ו Enav, Yael . 2023.
“Supporting The Transition To Parenthood: A Systematic Review Of Empirical Studies On Emotional And Psychological Interventions For First-Time Parents”. Patient Education And Counseling, Pp. 108090.
Arsène Chemin, Levine, Igal , Rusu, Marin , Vaujour, Rémi , Knittel, Peter , Reinke, Philipp , Hinrichs, Karsten , Unold, Thomas , Dittrich, Thomas , ו Petit, Tristan . 2023.
“Surface-Mediated Charge Transfer Of Photogenerated Carriers In Diamond”. Small Methods, Pp. 2300423.
