This chapter is dedicated to the description of the inflectional morphology of Judaeo-Spanish, i.e., its form-class words (lexical categories) and structure-class words (functional categories). The morphology of Judaeo-Spanish preserves, with some changes, the characteristics of Ibero-Romance languages: several grammatical functions are expressed morphologically through nominal or verbal inflectional endings, especially person, tense, and number for verbs, and gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural) for nouns. In the verbal system, tense, person, number, and mood are generally distinguished by verbal suffixes. In recent generations, the paradigms of compound verbal forms composed of the auxiliary tener and the past participle have developed secondary, mostly aspectual, meanings.
A. Quintana. 2023. “The Morphology Of Judaeo-Spanish”. בתוך Manual Of Judaeo-Romance Linguistics And Philology (Manuals Of Romance Linguistics) , Pp. 463-506. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. תקציר
This chapter is dedicated to the description of the inflectional morphology of Judaeo-Spanish, i.e., its form-class words (lexical categories) and structure-class words (functional categories). The morphology of Judaeo-Spanish preserves, with some changes, the characteristics of Ibero-Romance languages: several grammatical functions are expressed morphologically through nominal or verbal inflectional endings, especially person, tense, and number for verbs, and gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural) for nouns. In the verbal system, tense, person, number, and mood are generally distinguished by verbal suffixes. In recent generations, the paradigms of compound verbal forms composed of the auxiliary tener and the past participle have developed secondary, mostly aspectual, meanings.
This chapter is dedicated to the description of the inflectional morphology of Judaeo-Spanish, i.e., its form-class words (lexical categories) and structure-class words (functional categories). The morphology of Judaeo-Spanish preserves, with some changes, the characteristics of Ibero-Romance languages: several grammatical functions are expressed morphologically through nominal or verbal inflectional endings, especially person, tense, and number for verbs, and gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural) for nouns. In the verbal system, tense, person, number, and mood are generally distinguished by verbal suffixes. In recent generations, the paradigms of compound verbal forms composed of the auxiliary tener and the past participle have developed secondary, mostly aspectual, meanings.
Background and Objectives Convalescent COVID-19 plasma (CCP) was developed and used worldwide as a treatment option by supplying passive immunity. Adult studies suggest administering high-titer CCP early in the disease course of patients who are expected to be antibody-negative; however, pediatric experience is limited. We created a multi-institutional registry to characterize pediatric patients (<18 years) who received CCP and assess the safety of this intervention. Methods A REDCap survey was distributed. The registry collected de-identified data including demographic information (age, gender, and underlying conditions), COVID-19 disease features and concurrent treatments, CCP transfusion and safety events, and therapy response. Results Ninety-five children received CCP: 90 inpatients and 5 outpatients, with a median age of 10.2 years (range 0-17.9), predominantly Latino/Hispanic and White. The most frequent underlying medical conditions were chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression, obesity, and genetic syndromes. CCP was primarily given as a treatment (95%) rather than prophylaxis (5%). Median total plasma dose administered and transfusion rates were 5.0 mL/kg and 2.6 mL/kg/hr, respectively. The transfusions were well tolerated, with 3 in 115 transfusions reporting mild reactions. No serious adverse events were reported. Severity scores decreased significantly 7 days after CCP transfusion or at discharge. Eight-five patients (94.4%) survived to hospital discharge. All five outpatients survived to 60 days. Conclusions CCP was found to be safe and well tolerated in children. CCP was frequently given concurrently with other COVID-19-directed treatments with improvement in clinical severity scores ≥ 7 days after CCP, but efficacy could not be evaluated in this study.
SUMMARY Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a prominent fruit with rich genetic resources for crop improvement. By using a phenotype-guided screen of over 7900 tomato accessions from around the world, we identified new associations for complex traits such as fruit weight and total soluble solids (Brix). Here, we present the phenotypic data from several years of trials. To illustrate the power of this dataset we use two case studies. First, evaluation of color revealed allelic variation in phytoene synthase 1 that resulted in differently colored or even bicolored fruit. Secondly, in view of the negative relationship between fruit weight and Brix, we pre-selected a subset of the collection that includes high and low Brix values in each category of fruit size. Genome-wide association analysis allowed us to detect novel loci associated with total soluble solid content and fruit weight. In addition, we developed eight F2 biparental intraspecific populations. Furthermore, by taking a phenotype-guided approach we were able to isolate individuals with high Brix values that were not compromised in terms of yield. In addition, the demonstration of novel results despite the high number of previous genome-wide association studies of these traits in tomato suggests that adoption of a phenotype-guided pre-selection of germplasm may represent a useful strategy for finding target genes for breeding.
Fibromyalgia is a debilitating widespread chronic pain syndrome that occurs in 2 to 4% of the population. The prevailing view that fibromyalgia results from central nervous system dysfunction has recently been challenged with data showing changes in peripheral nervous system activity. Using a mouse model of chronic widespread pain through hyperalgesic priming of muscle, we show that neutrophils invade sensory ganglia and confer mechanical hypersensitivity on recipient mice, while adoptive transfer of immunoglobulin, serum, lymphocytes, or monocytes has no effect on pain behavior. Neutrophil depletion abolishes the establishment of chronic widespread pain in mice. Neutrophils from patients with fibromyalgia also confer pain on mice. A link between neutrophil-derived mediators and peripheral nerve sensitization is already established. Our observations suggest approaches for targeting fibromyalgia pain via mechanisms that cause altered neutrophil activity and interactions with sensory neurons.
The toparchy of Acrabat occupied the border between Judea and Samaria during much of the Roman and Byzantine periods. During the late Second Temple period, it was the northernmost administrative district of Judea. The decades of 70–136 CE, which encompass the interbellum period and the Bar Kokhba Revolt, remain opaque. Until recently, the region’s ethnic composition, in general, and the existence of Jewish communities, in particular, was obscure. This study presents and analyzes new data from recent excavations and surveys in the toparchy’s territory. We draw two conclusions: (1) A Jewish population resided in the region during the interbellum period and participated in the Bar Kokhba Revolt, and (2) the northern border of the Bar Kokhba administration was roughly the same as the northern border of Judea in the late Second Temple period. These conclusions indicate that the Jewish territory during the Second Jewish Revolt extended further north than was previously thought.
The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the modulation of neuronal excitability, and a disruption of GABAergic transmission contributes to the pathogenesis of some seizure disorders. Although many currently available antiseizure medications do act at least in part by potentiating GABAergic transmission, there is an opportunity for further research aimed at developing more innovative GABA-targeting therapies. The present article summarises available evidence on a number of such treatments in clinical development. These can be broadly divided into three groups. The first group consists of positive allosteric modulators of GABA receptors and includes Staccato alprazolam (an already marketed benzodiazepine being repurposed in epilepsy as a potential rescue inhalation treatment for prolonged and repetitive seizures), the α2/3/5 subtype-selective agents darigabat and ENX-101, and the orally active neurosteroids ETX155 and LPCN 2101. A second group comprises two drugs already marketed for non-neurological indications, which could be repurposed as treatments for seizure disorders. These include bumetanide, a diuretic agent that has undergone clinical trials in phenobarbital-resistant neonatal seizures and for which the rationale for further development in this indication is under debate, and ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug currently investigated in a randomised double-blind trial in focal epilepsy. The last group comprises a series of highly innovative therapies, namely GABAergic interneurons (NRTX-001) delivered via stereotactic cerebral implantation as a treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, an antisense oligonucleotide (STK-001) aimed at upregulating NaV1.1 currents and restoring the function of GABAergic interneurons, currently tested in a trial in patients with Dravet syndrome, and an adenoviral vector-based gene therapy (ETX-101) scheduled for investigation in Dravet syndrome. Another agent, a subcutaneously administered neuroactive peptide (NRP2945) that reportedly upregulates the expression of GABA receptor α and β subunits is being investigated, with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and other epilepsies as proposed indications. The diversity of the current pipeline underscores a strong interest in the GABA system as a target for new treatment development in epilepsy. To date, limited clinical data are available for these investigational treatments and further studies are required to assess their potential value in addressing unmet needs in epilepsy management.
ABSTRACT This article presents a new proposal to estimate structural capacity models for bridge portfolios. A common approach is the use of ductility-based capacity models. Herein, a ductility replacement for curvature or drift as engineering demand parameters is conducted, as variability within the bridge's classes is considered in the results and multidirectional pushover analyses are performed to assess a bi-directional load scenario. Application of the methodology is exemplified for an inventory of Northeastern Brazilian bridges. Parametric analyses are performed by varying the reinforcement ratios to estimate the capacity limit states within the range of values used. These results from probabilistic models define the capacity limit state that can be used to perform vulnerability assessment of bridges to different hazard sources, such as earthquakes.
