2018
The aim of this work was to design and characterize a new nanovesicular nasal delivery system (NDS) containing buspirone, and investigate its efficiency in an animal model for the treatment of hot flushes. The presence of multilamellar vesicles with a mean size distribution of 370 nm was evidenced by transition electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) tests. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the nasal treatment efficacy with the new system was carried out in ovariectomized (OVX) rat—an animal model for hot flushes—and compared with other treatments. We found that the nasal administration of a buspirone NDS resulted in a significant reduction in tail skin temperature (TST). This effect was not observed in the control buspirone-treated groups. Buspirone levels in the plasma and brain of nasally-treated normal rats were quantified and compared with those of rats that had received oral administration by a LC-MS/MS assay. A significantly higher bioavailability was achieved with the new treatment relative to an oral administration of the same drug dose. No pathological changes in the nasal cavity were observed following sub-chronic nasal administration of buspirone NDS. In conclusion, the data of our investigation show that buspirone in the new nanovesicular nasal carrier could be considered for further studies for the development of a treatment for the hot flushes ailment.
Andrey V. Bortsov, Devor, Marshall , Kaunisto, Mari A. , Kalso, Eija , Brufsky, Adam , Kehlet, Henrik , Aasvang, Eske , Bittner, Reinhard , Diatchenko, Luda , ו Belfer, Inna . 2018.
“Cacng2 Polymorphisms Associate With Chronic Pain After Mastectomy”. Pain, 160, 3, Pp. 561–568. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001432.
Publisher's Version During the periovulatory period, the profile of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) coincides with elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. We investigated whether PGE2 can directly stimulate FGF2 production in bovine granulosa cells and, if so, which prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER) type and signaling cascades are involved. PGE2 temporally stimulated FGF2. Accordingly, endoperoxide-synthase2–silenced cells, exhibiting low endogenous PGE2 levels, had reduced FGF2. Furthermore, elevation of viable granulosa cell numbers by PGE2 was abolished with FGF2 receptor 1 inhibitor, suggesting that FGF2 mediates this action of PGE2. Epiregulin (EREG), a known PGE2-inducible gene, was studied alongside FGF2. PTGER2 agonist elevated cAMP as well as FGF2 and EREG levels. However, a marked difference between cAMP-induced downstream signaling was observed for FGF2 and EREG. Whereas FGF2 upregulated by PGE2, PTGER2 agonist, or forskolin was unaffected by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, EREG was significantly inhibited. FGF2 was dose-dependently stimulated by the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) activator; a similar induction was observed for EREG. However, forskolin-stimulated FGF2, but not EREG, was inhibited in EPAC1-silenced cells. These findings ascribe a novel autocrine role for PGE2, namely, elevating FGF2 production in granulosa cells. This study also reveals that cAMP-activated EPAC1, rather than PKA, mediates the effect of PGE2/PTGER2 on the expression of FGF2. Stimulation of EREG by PGE2 is also mediated by PTGER2 but, in contrast to FGF2, EREG was found to be PKA sensitive. PGE2-stimulated FGF2 can act to maintain granulosa cell survival; it can also act on ovarian endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis.
Self-images are among the most prevalent forms of content shared on social media streams. Face-morphs are images digitally created by combining facial pictures of different individuals. In the case of self-morphs, a person’s own picture is combined with that of another individual. Prior research has shown that even when individuals do not recognize themselves in self-morphs, they tend to trust self-morphed faces more, and judge them more favorably. Thus, self-morphs may be used online as covert forms of targeted marketing–for instance, using consumers’ pictures from social media streams to create self-morphs, and inserting the resulting self-morphs in promotional campaigns targeted at those consumers. The usage of this type of personal data for highly targeted influence without individuals' awareness, and the type of opaque effect such artifacts may have on individuals' attitudes and behaviors, raise potential issues of consumer privacy and autonomy. However, no research to date has examined the feasibility of using self-morphs for such applications. Research on self-morphs has focused on artificial laboratory settings, raising questions regarding the practical, in-the-wild applicability of reported self-morph effects. In three experiments, we examine whether self-morphs could affect individuals' attitudes or even promote products/services, using a combination of experimental designs and dependent variables. Across the experiments, we test both designs and variables that had been used in previous research in this area and new ones that had not. Questioning prior research, however, we find no evidence that end-users react more …
Igal Levine, Gupta, Satyajit , Bera, Achintya , Ceratti, Davide , Hodes, Gary , Cahen, David , Guo, Dengyang , Savenije, Tom J, Avila, Jorge , Bolink, Henk J, ו others, . 2018.
“Can We Use Time-Resolved Measurements To Get Steady-State Transport Data For Halide Perovskites?”. Journal Of Applied Physics, 124, Pp. 103103.
A.A. Khan, Shekh-Ahmad, T. , Khalil, A. , Walker, M.C. , ו Ali, A.B.. 2018.
“Cannabidiol Exerts Antiepileptic Effects By Restoring Hippocampal Interneuron Functions In A Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model”. British Journal Of Pharmacology, 175, 11, Pp. 2097-2115. doi:10.1111/bph.14202.
Publisher's Version Joseph Tam, Drori, Adi , Permyakova, Anna , Hadar, Rivka , Udi, Shiran , ו Nemirovski, Alina . 2018.
“
Cannabinoid‐1 Receptor Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics And Function In Renal Proximal Tubular Cells
”. Diabetes Obesity Metabolism. .
Publisher's Version Richard James Huntsman, Tang-Wai, Richard , Acton, Bryan , Alcorn, Jane , William Lyon, Andrew , David Mousseau, Darrell , Seifert, Blair , Laprairie, Robert , Prosser-Loose, Erin , ו Ondrej Hanuš, Lumir . 2018.
“Cannabis For The Treatment Of Paediatric Epilepsy? An Update For Canadian Paediatricians.”. Paediatrics & Child Health, 23, 6, Pp. 368–373. doi:10.1093/pch/pxy036.
תקציר The plant Cannabis sativa produces over 140 known cannabinoids. These chemicals generate considerable interest in the medical research community for their possible application to several intractable disease conditions. Recent reports have prompted parents to strongly consider Cannabis products to treat their children with drug resistant epilepsy. Physicians, though, are reluctant to prescribe Cannabis products due to confusion about their regulatory status and limited clinical data supporting their use. We provide the general paediatrician with a brief review of cannabinoid biology, the literature regarding their use in children with drug resistant epilepsy, the current Health Canada and Canadian Paediatric Society recommendations and also the regulations from the physician regulatory bodies for each province and territory. Given the complexities of conducting research on Cannabis products for children with epilepsy, we also discuss outstanding research objectives that must be addressed to support Cannabis products as an accepted treatment option for children with refractory epilepsy.
James C Spilsbury, Nadan, Yochay , Kaye-Tzadok, Avital , Korbin, Jill E, Jespersen, Brooke V, ו Allen, Brian J. 2018.
“Caregivers’ Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Pilot Case Study In Tel Aviv, Israel, And Cleveland, Usa”. International Journal On Child Maltreatment : Research, Policy And Practice, 1, Pp. 19-40.
תקציר The purpose of this pilot cross-national study was to uncover similarities and differences in three areas that might affect the development of community-based programs targeting child maltreatment: behaviors considered to be maltreatment, perceived contributors to maltreatment, and whether the government or neighbors can do anything about maltreatment. Data were obtained from two neighborhood-based, cross-sectional surveys of adult caregivers of minors: one in Cleveland, USA, the other in Tel Aviv, Israel. The sample consisted of a total of 120 caregivers, in each city 20 residing in a low-SES neighborhood, 20 in a medium-SES neighborhood, and 20 in an elevated-SES neighborhood. Participants were asked (a) to provide three examples of behaviors they considered to be child abuse, (b) to rate the degree to which each of 13 factors contribute to child maltreatment, and (c) to rate the degree to which they agreed with a range of attitudes about maltreatment. The same coding scheme was used in both sites. Logistic regression analyses assessed city differences in dichotomous outcomes, while linear regression analyses assessed city differences in ratings of continuous outcomes. Analyses adjusted for individual and neighborhood characteristics, and accounted for residential clustering in neighborhoods. Primary results indicated that residence in Tel Aviv was associated with greater odds of citing emotional/psychological abuse compared to Cleveland residents. Also compared to Cleveland residents, Tel Aviv residents (a) viewed family structure, family values, religion, child-raising knowledge, and personal history of maltreatment as contributing less to maltreatment, (b) were less likely to agree that anyone could abuse a child or that spanking is necessary, and (c) had substantially greater odds of endorsing the government’s ability to address child maltreatment. Concerning study implications, this investigation demonstrated the importance of context in shaping constructions of child maltreatment and the need for caution in replicating interventions without due consideration of potential differences in context, policy, and public opinion.
Ryan McKeown, Ostilla-Mónico, Rodolfo , Pumir, Alain , Brenner, Michael P. , ו Rubinstein, Shmuel M. 2018.
“Cascade Leading To The Emergence Of Small Structures In Vortex Ring Collisions”. Physical Review Fluids, 3, 12, Pp. 124702. .
Publisher's Version When vortex rings collide head-on at high enough Reynolds numbers, they ultimately annihilate through a violent interaction which breaks down their cores into a turbulent cloud. We experimentally show that this very strong interaction, which leads to the production of fluid motion at very fine scales, uncovers direct evidence of an iterative cascade of instabilities in a bulk fluid. When the coherent vortex cores approach each other, they deform into tentlike structures and the mutual strain causes them to locally flatten into extremely thin vortex sheets. These sheets then break down into smaller secondary vortex filaments, which themselves rapidly flatten and break down into even smaller tertiary filaments. By performing numerical simulations of the full Navier-Stokes equations, we also resolve one iteration of this instability and highlight the subtle role that viscosity must play in the rupturing of a vortex sheet. The concurrence of this observed iterative cascade of instabilities over various scales with those of recent theoretical predictions could provide a mechanistic framework in which the evolution of turbulent flows can be examined in real time as a series of discrete dynamic instabilities.
K. P Mooley, Frail, D. A, Myers, S. T, Kulkarni, S. R, Hotokezaka, K. , Singer, L. P, Horesh, A. , Kasliwal, M. M, Cenko, S. B, ו Hallinan, G.. 2018.
“A Case Study Of On-The-Fly Wide-Field Radio Imaging Applied To The Gravitational Wave Event Gw151226”. \Apj, 857, Pp. 143. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab7f3.
Ernst Cassirer has been proclaimed a follower of Hermann Cohen. However, Cassirer modified the basic concepts of Cohen’s theory of knowledge, so that Cassirer’s philosophical positions in many aspects actually stand in opposition to Cohen’s. Although Cassirer did follow Cohen’s methodology coherently, in that path he refuted the main positions of his teacher. Cohen’s philosophical task was forwarding Kant’s critical method to construct a theory of knowledge. He aimed not only to renew Kant’s method in the way he interpreted it, but also to revise, in accordance with Kant’s method, the uncritical positions of Kant's own theory of knowledge. Cohen’s methodology was intended to achieve this goal. In following his teacher’s task, however, Cassirer developed a set of functional concepts which coherently reveal and overturn the uncritical positions in the theory of knowledge, including the one essential for Cohen himself. Consequently, it may be said, Cassirer “revises” Cohen’s system in a same way that Cohen revised Kant.
Qais Z Jaber, Benhamou, Raphael I, Herzog, Ido M, Ben Baruch, Bar , ו Fridman, Micha . 2018.
“Cationic Amphiphiles Induce Macromolecule Denaturation And Organelle Decomposition In Pathogenic Yeast”. Angewandte Chemie, 130, 50, Pp. 16629–16633.
I. Schoenbaum, Henkin, Z. , Yehuda, Y. , Voet, Hillary , ו Kigel, J.. 2018.
“Cattle Foraging In Mediterranean Oak Woodlands – Effects Of Management Practices On The Woody Vegetation”. Forest Ecology And Management, 419-420, Pp. 160-169. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.017.
Publisher's Version תקציר Vegetation structure and composition of woodlands in the Mediterranean Basin have experienced extensive land-use change during recent decades. Decline in traditional foraging by goats is leading to more closed and spatially homogeneous woody vegetation, reduced plant diversity, and increased fire risk because of accumulation of inflammable material. We studied the use of cattle foraging as an alternative to goat foraging in Mediterranean oak woodlands. Our main goal was to provide basic information on the responses of woody vegetation to cattle foraging intensity, and on the factors affecting spatial patterns of woodland utilization. We conducted the study in the Western Galilee, Israel, in oak woodland dominated by Palestine oak (Quercus calliprinos Webb.) interspersed with patches of shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. Effects of two animal population densities, moderate (0.33 cow⋅ha−1) and high (0.55 cow⋅ha−1), on the structure, composition, and regeneration potential of dense and of open woody formations were examined. Four consecutive annual seasons of cattle foraging resulted in relatively large amounts of woody vegetation removal, especially under high animal density, but had no negative effects on woody species richness or regeneration potential from saplings. The type of vegetation formation and initial state of the woody vegetation were important factors affecting the degree of change. Woody biomass removal by cattle, as shown in this study, can reduce fire hazards and increase vegetation heterogeneity and plant diversity. These findings support the use of cattle as an efficient alternative tool for multi-purpose, sustainable management of Mediterranean oak woodlands. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
I. Schoenbaum, Henkin, Z. , Yehuda, Y. , Voet, Hillary , ו Kigel, Jaime . 2018.
“Cattle Foraging In Mediterranean Oak Woodlands – Effects Of Management Practices On The Woody Vegetation”. Forest Ecology And Management, 419-420, Pp. 160-169. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.017.
Publisher's Version תקציר Vegetation structure and composition of woodlands in the Mediterranean Basin have experienced extensive land-use change during recent decades. Decline in traditional foraging by goats is leading to more closed and spatially homogeneous woody vegetation, reduced plant diversity, and increased fire risk because of accumulation of inflammable material. We studied the use of cattle foraging as an alternative to goat foraging in Mediterranean oak woodlands. Our main goal was to provide basic information on the responses of woody vegetation to cattle foraging intensity, and on the factors affecting spatial patterns of woodland utilization. We conducted the study in the Western Galilee, Israel, in oak woodland dominated by Palestine oak (Quercus calliprinos Webb.) interspersed with patches of shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. Effects of two animal population densities, moderate (0.33 cow⋅ha−1) and high (0.55 cow⋅ha−1), on the structure, composition, and regeneration potential of dense and of open woody formations were examined. Four consecutive annual seasons of cattle foraging resulted in relatively large amounts of woody vegetation removal, especially under high animal density, but had no negative effects on woody species richness or regeneration potential from saplings. The type of vegetation formation and initial state of the woody vegetation were important factors affecting the degree of change. Woody biomass removal by cattle, as shown in this study, can reduce fire hazards and increase vegetation heterogeneity and plant diversity. These findings support the use of cattle as an efficient alternative tool for multi-purpose, sustainable management of Mediterranean oak woodlands. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
This study investigates challenges in addressing metacognition in professional development (PD) programs addressing instruction of higher-order thinking (HOT). A set of semi-structured interviews was conducted with 18 instructional leaders who had prominent roles in large-scale implementation programs designed to teach HOT. Most participants (n = 15) expressed the opinion that metacognition is valuable in teaching HOT yet, reported that metacognitive teaching is rare in wide-scale efforts to implement HOT. They explained that the major reason for this gap is teachers’ fragile knowledge of metacognition. The analysis shows a deficiency in teachers’ general metacognitive knowledge, deficiency in the more specific metastrategic knowledge (MSK) regarding individual thinking strategies, and deficiencies in relevant pedagogical knowledge. Implications are discussed.
