Common fragile sites (CFS) are specific genomic regions prone to chromosomal instability under conditions of DNA replication stress. CFSs manifest as breaks, gaps, and constrictions on metaphase chromosomes under mild replication stress. These replication-sensitive CFS regions are preferentially unstable during cancer development, as reflected by their association with copy number variants (CNVs) frequently arise in most tumor types. Over the years, it became clear that a combination of different characteristics underlies the enhanced sensitivity of CFSs to replication stress. As of today, there is a strong evidence that the core fragility regions along CFSs overlap with actively transcribed large genes with delayed replication timing upon replication stress. Recently, the mechanistic basis for CFS instability was further extended to regions which span topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries, generating a fragility signature composed of replication, transcription and genome organization. The presence of difficult-to-replicate AT-rich repeats was one of the early features suggested to characterize a subgroup of CFSs. These long stretches of AT-dinucleotide have the potential to fold into stable secondary structures which may impede replication fork progression, leaving the region under-replicated. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying repeat instability at CFSs and on the proteins involved in the resolution of secondary structure impediments arising along repetitive sequence elements which are essential for the maintenance of genome stability.
umming up the data deriving from the Natufian burials at Hayonim Cave which incorporates information pertaining to the last grave uncovered on site (Grave XVII), the paper endeavours to understand the role of burials within the evolving Natufian society at large. It seems that certain sites—Hayonim Cave being a case in point—served as special localities, used by a particular group as a burial ground all through the Natufian time-span (i.e. for more than 3000 years). Members of that group returned to the cave again and again in order to bury their dead, being aware of the location of the preceding graves, apparently retaining a long-term memory of their burial practices. At the same time, at least some burials provide evidence for inter-group ties, as evident through particular similarities between certain burials in two distinct Natufian sites, Hayonim Cave and Eynan (‘Ain Mallaha). Clearly, retention of mortuary practices played a significant role in consolidating and preserving social cohesion in the Natufian society.
Dong Jiang, Wu, Jiajie , Ding, Fangyu , Ide, Tobias , Scheffran, Jürgen , Helman, David , Zhang, Shize , Qian, Yushu , Fu, Jingying , Chen, Shuai , Xie, Xiaolan , Ma, Tian , Hao, Mengmeng , ו Ge, Quansheng . 2023.
“An Integrated Deep-Learning And Multi-Level Framework For Understanding The Behavior Of Terrorist Groups”. Heliyon, 9, 8, Pp. e18895. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Human security is threatened by terrorism in the 21st century. A rapidly growing field of study aims to understand terrorist attack patterns for counter-terrorism policies. Existing research aimed at predicting terrorism from a single perspective, typically employing only background contextual information or past attacks of terrorist groups, has reached its limits. Here, we propose an integrated deep-learning framework that incorporates the background context of past attacked locations, social networks, and past actions of individual terrorist groups to discover the behavior patterns of terrorist groups. The results show that our framework outperforms the conventional base model at different spatio-temporal resolutions. Further, our model can project future targets of active terrorist groups to identify high-risk areas and offer other attack-related information in sequence for a specific terrorist group. Our findings highlight that the combination of a deep-learning approach and multi-scalar data can provide groundbreaking insights into terrorism and other organized violent crimes.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the combination of salivary gland intraductal irrigations (IG) followed by sialoendoscopy irrigations (SI) of the parotid gland on the improvement of salivary gland secretory dysfunction (SGSD).
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of SGSD patients who underwent major salivary gland IG followed by SI during 2014-2020. Records included demographics, systemic background, signs, and symptoms. Improvement was assessed by comparing the mean unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSF, SWSF) from the baseline point (before IG procedure) to the last point (after SI) using repeated measures. The between-subjects effects of various factors and covariants were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA.
RESULTS: One hundred patients were included with an age range of 15-83 years (mean age of 60.1 ± 13.1 years). Improvement was detected on UWSF measurements (p = 0.031, F = 3.83), but not on SWSF measurements (p = 0.165, F = 1.85). The between-subjects effects on UWSF measurements were statistically significant for sex (p = 0.003, F = 9.526) and salivary gland manipulators use (p < 0.001, F = 15.107) and for the interaction between sex and salivary gland manipulators use (p- = 0.002, F = 9.709). Results of long-term follow-up for 10.87 ± 11.79 months after the SI procedure demonstrated sustained improvement in UWSF measurements (p = 0.011, F = 4.91).
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of IG followed by SI increases UWSF salivary secretion in SGSD patients for a relatively extended duration.
With the advent of information technology, numerous initiatives have been launched by cultural heritage, academic and commercial institutions aiming at digitization, organization, visualization and analysis of historical information of a given place. These projects usually utilize GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to represent and analyze a restricted range of spatial data, such as archaeological findings or landmarks from a single information source. To take the emerging field of spatial history to the next level—the spatial digital humanities—the traditional spatial data should be enriched with cultural and social data from heterogeneous resources, such as historical books, administrative documents, images, and multimedia objects, and allow for deeper analysis of the historical places’ cultural and social context. To this end, ontologies and modern semantic web technologies should be combined with GIS technology to enable easy data standardization and integration, uniform data modeling, open-access and cross-project data sharing and analysis. In this paper, we review this combined approach and its utilization attempts in recent spatial digital humanities projects for cities from all over the globe while discussing the field’s main common challenges and their possible solutions.
Jin Ge, Shalem, Yuval Madmon-But, Ge, Zhuxi , Liu, Jinpeng , Wang, Xianhui , ו Bloch, Guy . 2023.
“Integration Of Information From Multiple Sources Drives And Maintains The Division Of Labour In Bumble Bee Colonies”. Current Opinion In Insect Science, Pp. 101115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2023.101115.
Publisher's Version תקציר Bumble bees are eusocial bees in which the division of labor in reproduction and in task performance changes during their annual life cycle. The queen monopolizes reproduction in young colonies, but at later stages some workers start to challenge the queen and lay their own unfertilized eggs. The division of colony maintenance and growth tasks relates to worker body size. Reproduction and task performance are regulated by multiple social signals of the queen, the workers, and the brood. Here we review recent studies suggesting that bumble bees use multiple sources of information to establish and maintain division of labor in both reproduction and in task performance. Juvenile hormone is an important neuroendocrine signal involved in the regulation of division of labor in reproduction but not in worker task performance. The reliance on multiple signals facilitate flexibility in face of changes in the social and geophysical environment. Data Availability No data were used for the research described in the article.
Dana Vertsberger, Talmon, Anat , Ziadni, Maisa , Kong, Jiang-Ti , Darnall, Beth D, Manber, Rachel , Mackey, Sean , ו Gross, James J. 2023.
“Intensity Of Chronic Low Back Pain And Activity Interference: A Daily Diary Study Of The Moderating Role Of Cognitive Pain Coping Strategies”. Pain Medicine, 24, Pp. 442–450.
Robert J Aumann has received numerous prizes, including the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for 2005.
With his 1976 paper, "Agreeing to Disagree", Robert Aumann pioneered the subject of interactive epistemology: the study of what people know, and what they know about what others know. Since then, the discipline has burgeoned enormously. This book documents Aumann's work leading to the 1976 paper and his subsequent contributions to the discipline. The scientific controversies emanating from his work are also included.
Silvia Mariotti, Köhnen, Eike , Scheler, Florian , Sveinbjörnsson, Kári , Zimmermann, Lea , Piot, Manuel , Yang, Fengjiu , Li, Bor , Warby, Jonathan , Musiienko, Artem , ו others, . 2023.
“Interface Engineering For High-Performance, Triple-Halide Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells”. Science, 381, Pp. 63–69.
Objective: Hundreds of thousands of people around the world have lost their lives to intergroup violence (IV) over the past two decades. The current study tested a multifactor ecological model, including societal (exposure to trauma), social (exposure to community violence, and conflict with parents), and individual (exposure to microaggression) factors for engagement in IV in two samples of Israeli youths, Jewish (N = 306), and Arab (N = 302). Method: Participants filled out self-report questionnaires assessing exposure to trauma, community violence, conflict with parents, microaggression, and engagement in IV. Results: The results showed that Arab youths who indicated higher levels of religiosity and reported experiencing more traumatic events, community violence, and microaggression were more likely to perpetrate IV (OR = 1.31, 1.39, 1.5, 2.28, respectively). Jewish youths who reported exposure to more traumatic events, more conflict with parents, and greater exposure to microaggression events were more likely to perpetrate IV (OR = 2.28, 2.70, 3.25, respectively). Conclusion: The current study illuminates the similarities (traumatic events and microaggression) and the differential associations of individual, social, and societal factors and IV among Jewish and Arab youths. Microaggression emerged as the strongest predictor for IV in both groups. These findings highlight the need to inform ecological interventions aimed at mitigating IV in a context-sensitive manner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Dana Lassri, Bregman-Hai, Noa , Soffer-Dudek, Nirit , ו Shahar, Golan . 2023.
“The Interplay Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Self-Concept Clarity, And Dissociation: A Resilience-Based Perspective”. Journal Of Interpersonal Violence, 38, Pp. 2313–2336.
EC Karademas, Simos, P , Pat-Horenczyk, R , Roziner, Ilan , Mazzocco, K , Sousa, B , Stamatakos, G , Tsakou, G , Cardoso, F , Frasquilho, D , ו others, . 2023.
“The Interplay Between Trait Resilience And Coping Self-Efficacy In Patients With Breast Cancer: An International Study”. Journal Of Clinical Psychology In Medical Settings, 30, Pp. 119–128.
