H. Malcov-Brog, Alpert, A. , Golan, T. , Parikh, S. , Nordlinger, A. , Netti, F. , Sheinboim, D. , Dror, I. , Thomas, L. , Cosson, C. , Gonen, P. , Stanevsky, Y. , Brenner, R. , Perluk, T. , Frand, J. , Elgavish, S. , Nevo, Y. , Rahat, D. , Tabach, Y. , Khaled, M. , Shen-Orr, S. S. , ו Levy, C.. 2018. “Uv-Protection Timer Controls Linkage Between Stress And Pigmentation Skin Protection Systems”. Mol Cell, 72, Pp. 444-456.e7.
Skin sun exposure induces two protection programs: stress responses and pigmentation, the former within minutes and the latter only hours afterward. Although serving the same physiological purpose, it is not known whether and how these programs are coordinated. Here, we report that UVB exposure every other day induces significantly more skin pigmentation than the higher frequency of daily exposure, without an associated increase in stress responses. Using mathematical modeling and empirical studies, we show that the melanocyte master regulator, MITF, serves to synchronize stress responses and pigmentation and, furthermore, functions as a UV-protection timer via damped oscillatory dynamics, thereby conferring a trade-off between the two programs. MITF oscillations are controlled by multiple negative regulatory loops, one at the transcriptional level involving HIF1α and another post-transcriptional loop involving microRNA-148a. These findings support trait linkage between the two skin protection programs, which, we speculate, arose during furless skin evolution to minimize skin damage.
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most widely studied inorganic phase change material for energy storage and energy conservation applications. Monoclinic VO2 [VO2(M)] changes from semiconducting phase to metallic rutile phase at near room temperature and the resultant abrupt suppressed infrared transmittance at high temperature makes it a potential candidate for thermochromic smart window application to cut the air-condition usage. Meanwhile proper electrical potential, stable structure and good interaction with lithium ions make metastable VO2 [VO2(B)] an attractive material for fabrication of electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors. However, some long-standing issues have plagued its usage. In thermochromic application, high transition temperature (τc), low luminous transmittance (Tlum) and undesirable solar modulation ability (△Tsol) are the key problems, while in energy storage applications, short cycling lifetime and complex three-dimension microstructure are the major challenges. The common methods to produce VO2 polymorph are physical vapour deposition (PVD), chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sol-gel synthesis, and hydrothermal method. CVD is an intensively studied method due to its ability to produce uniform films with precise stoichiometry, phase and morphology control. This paper reviews the various CVD techniques to produce VO2 with controlled phases and the ternary diagram shows the relationship between film stoichiometry and various process conditions. The difference between the various CVD systems are commented and the process window to produce VO2 are tabulated. Some strategies to improve VO2′s performance in both energy conservation and energy storage applications are discussed.
In the production of news, the frames presented by selected sources play a critical role. However, to create coherent, authoritative, and relevant news stories from the selected input, journalists need to actively transform the available material and fit it within a journalistic news frame. In our study, we investigate how Israeli, Palestinian, and foreign (US, UK, German) newspapers made use of highly salient source statements in their coverage of the kidnapping and murder of three Israeli and one Palestinian teenager in summer 2014. Performing a qualitative analysis, we identify three characteristic ways in which journalists reposition selected sources’ frames within their coverage: journalists can rely on selected source frames to present specific, subjective viewpoints; they can present multiple source frames as testimonies about newsworthy events; and they can interpret them as communicative actions in sources’ struggle for recognition in the public arena. Each strategy contributes to the construction of a different, broad class of news frames, reflecting different journalistic styles and norms. We discuss implications for the study of news frames and the different roles of political sources within the news.
We examine how teacher-student communication through social network technologies may support student resilience during an ongoing war (i.e., the 2014 Israel-Gaza war). Based on student responses from open-ended surveys (N = 68), five content categories of emotional support were identified: caring, reassuring, emotion sharing, belonging, and distracting. The mere existence of continuous online contact with teachers also contributed to resilience perceptions. Interviews with 11 secondary school teachers revealed three main purposes for this communication: (a) delivering emotional support to students, (b) monitoring their distress; and (c) maintaining civilized norms of discourse. Practical implications and theoretical contributions are discussed.
Julius Gajdar, Sarkar, Sujoy , Mandler, Daniel , Fischer, Jan , ו Barek, Jiri . 2018. “Voltammetry Of Electroactive Species At The Interface In Langmuir-Blodgett Trough”. בתוך Proceedings Of The International Conference Modern Electrochemical Methods Xxxviii, Pp. 54-57. Czech Acad Sci, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem; Czech Acad Sci, Inst Biophys; Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, UNESCO Lab Environm Electrochemistry.
Notions of place have always permeated Jewish life and consciousness. The Babylonian Talmud was pitted against the Jerusalem Talmud; the worlds of Sepharad and Ashkenaz were viewed as two pillars of the Jewish experience; the diaspora was conceived as a wholly different experience from that of Eretz Israel; and Jews from Eastern Europe and "German Jews" were often seen as mirror opposites, whereas Jews under Islam were often characterized pejoratively, especially because of their allegedly uncultured surroundings. Place, or makom, is a strategic opportunity to explore the tensions that characterize Jewish culture in modernity, between the sacred and the secular, the local and the global, the historical and the virtual, Jewish culture and others. The plasticity of the term includes particular geographic places and their cultural landscapes, theological allusions, and an array of other symbolic relations between locus, location, and the production of culture.
The 30th volume of Studies in Contemporary Jewry includes twelve essays that deal with various aspects of particular places, making each location a focal point for understanding Jewish life and culture. Scholars from the United States, Europe, and Israel have used their disciplinary skills to shed light on the vicissitudes of the 20th century in relation to place and Jewish culture. Their essays continue the ongoing discussion in this realm and provide further insights into the historiographical turn in Jewish studies.
Mutations in Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) have emerged as a cause of severe neuronal phenotypes in human, including brain developmental defects and degeneration of spinal motor neurons, leading to Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) or early onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Vrk1 gene-trap partial Knockout (KO) mice (Vrk1(GT3/GT3)), which express decreased levels of Vrk1, are sterile due to impaired gamete production. Here, we examined whether this mouse model also presents neuronal phenotypes. We found a 20-50% reduction in Vrk1 expression in neuronal tissues of the Vrk1(GT3/GT3) mice, leading to mild neuronal phenotypes including significant but small reduction in brain mass and motor (rotarod) impairment. Analysis of gene expression in the Vrk1(GT3/GT3) cortex predicts novel roles for VRK1 in neuronal pathways including neurotrophin signaling, axon guidance and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. Together, our studies of the partial KO Vrk1 mice reveal that even moderately reduced levels of Vrk1 expression result in minor neurological impairment and indicate new neuronal pathways likely involving VRK1.
A Biagioni, Anania, MP , Bellaveglia, M , Brentegani, E , Castorina, G , Chiadroni, E , Cianchi, A , Di Giovenale, D , Di Pirro, G , Fares, H , ו others, . 2018. “Wake Fields Effects In Dielectric Capillary”. Nuclear Instruments And Methods In Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors And Associated Equipment, 909, Pp. 247–251.
