@article {88073, title = {Pharmacokinetics of regional limb perfusion using a combination of amikacin and penicillin in standing horses}, journal = {Can Vet J}, volume = {60}, year = {2019}, month = {2019 Mar}, pages = {294-299}, abstract = {The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compatibility and the pharmacokinetic properties of combined amikacin and penicillin administration by intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) in horses. A tourniquet was applied proximal to the carpus of 7 clinically healthy adult horses and 2 g of amikacin and 10 {\texttimes} 10 IU of penicillin (100 mL total volume) were sequentially injected into the cephalic vein just distal to the tourniquet. Synovial samples were collected from the joint at several times after injection. All samples were analyzed for amikacin and penicillin concentration. The mean maximum concentration (C) of both amikacin and penicillin was over 10-fold the relevant minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all horses and remained above those MICs for at least 24 hours. The results of this study indicate that combining amikacin with penicillin during IVRLP in normal horses delivers high therapeutic synovial concentrations of both drugs.}, issn = {0008-5286}, author = {Dahan, Roee and Oreff, Gil L and Tatz, Amos J and Raz, Tal and Britzi, Malka and Kelmer, Gal} } @article {96037, title = {Physiological and economic benefits of abandoning invasive surgical procedures and enhancing animal welfare in swine production}, journal = {Sci Rep}, volume = { 9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Food-animal welfare is a major ethical and social concern. Pork is the most consumed meat worldwide, with over a billion pigs slaughtered annually. Most of these pigs routinely undergo painful surgical procedures (surgical castration, tail docking, teeth clipping), which farmers often reluctant to avoid, claiming it would increase cost and reduce production efficiency. Herein, this study indicates that these procedures compromise pigs{\textquoteright} health and condition. Replacing surgical castration with immunocastration, avoiding tail docking and teeth clipping, and providing environmental enrichment, resulted in significant increase in weight gain, lowered risks for injuries and death, and reduced saliva and hair cortisol, both biomarkers for stress. Testosterone and DHEA analyses confirmed that immunocastration was an effective alternative to surgical castration. Economic models for the entire US swine market revealed that following across-the-board acceptance of this management, pork meat price is expected to drop, while the total annual social welfare (combined consumer and producer surplus) is expected to increase by $US 1.48 to 1.92 billion. In conclusion, sustainable swine farming management can be beneficial for both animals and farmers. Applying such welfare-friendly management is expected to reduce stress, enhance piglet/pig welfare and production, and improve the economics of swine operations in the global agro-food system.}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-52677-6.pdf}, author = {Morgan, Liat and Beata Itin-Shwartz and Lee Koren and Jerrold S. Meyer and Devorah Matas and Younis, Ahmad and Novak, Shiri and Weizmann, Nathalie and Olja Rapaic and Weissam Abu Ahmad and Klement, Eyal and Raz, Tal} } @article { ISI:000442064600004, title = {Association of neutering with health and welfare of urban free-roaming cat population in Israel, during 2012-2014}, journal = {PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE}, volume = {157}, year = {2018}, month = {SEP 1}, pages = {26-33}, abstract = {{{{\textquoteleft}Trap-Neutering by gonadectomy-Return{\textquoteright} (TNR) is currently becoming an accepted method for managing free-roaming cat (FRC) populations, especially in human habitation. However, data regarding its impact on cat welfare are limited. In order to determine the demographic risk factors for FRC morbidity, we followed FRC populations in the city of Rishon LeZion during 2012-2014. Their age status (kitten/adult), contraceptive status (neutered/intact), sex, body-condition-scoring (BCS 1-5/5; 1 = emaciation}, issn = {0167-5877}, doi = {10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.05.018}, author = {Gunther, I and Raz, T. and Klement, E.} } @article {88074, title = {Effects of group housing on reproductive performance, lameness, injuries and saliva cortisol in gestating sows}, journal = {Prev Vet Med}, volume = {160}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 Nov 15}, pages = {10-17}, abstract = {In many countries sows are kept in individual stalls from insemination up to just few days prior to farrowing. The overall objective of this study was to examine group housing management system for sows during gestation as an alternative for individual confinement stalls, and the possible effects on their welfare, production and reproduction performances. Accordingly, the study included three specific objectives: (1) to compare parameters of production, reproduction, and welfare of sows housed in groups (either 30 or 7 sows/group; Large Group: LG, Small Group: SG, respectively) during gestation as compared to individual confinement stalls (IS); (2) to compare saliva cortisol of pregnant sows throughout gestation, when housed in groups of three different sizes (either 7, 15 or 30 sows per pen group); and (3) to compare sows{\textquoteright} production and reproduction performances at the herd level, before, during and after practically transforming from a management of individual confinement stalls to a group housing system, in a large commercial swine farm over a six-year period. Mean cycle length (weaning-to-weaning) was shorter in group housing management as compared to individual stalls (P = 0.0110), but gestation length did not differ among the three groups. Overall farrowing rate (sows farrowed out of those inseminated) was higher (P <= 0.0134) for sows housed in groups (either SG or LG). Furthermore, there was a tendency towards a higher number of total born (P = 0.1033), and born alive piglets (P = 0.0862), in group housing system as compared to individual housing management; however, it did not differ between the LG and SG groups. Injuries and lameness index (ILI) of sows improved significantly over the gestation period in group housing management. Group saliva cortisol during gestation did not differ significantly among groups of 7, 15, or 30 sows, except on the first saliva sampling, just after sows were mixed into groups, where cortisol level was significantly higher in sows housed in a pen of 30 sows. Production and reproduction performances at the herd level, over a 6-years period- before, during and after transforming to a group housing system, improved significantly: shortened cycle length, increased farrowing rate, and increased number of total born and born alive piglets. In conclusion, group housing management during gestation was associated with better reproduction, productivity and welfare of sows, as compared to individual stalls. A welfare friendly housing system can be beneficial and effective for both the farmers and the animals.}, keywords = {Animal Welfare, Animals, Female, Housing, Animal, Hydrocortisone, Lameness, Animal, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Saliva, Swine, Swine Diseases}, issn = {1873-1716}, doi = {10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.026}, author = {Morgan, Liat and Klement, Eyal and Novak, Shiri and Eliahoo, Elad and Younis, Ahmad and Abells Sutton, Gila and Abu-Ahmad, Wiessam and Raz, Tal} } @article {88075, title = {Microbial communities and inflammatory response in the endometrium differ between normal and metritic dairy cows at 5-10~days post-partum}, journal = {Vet Res}, volume = {49}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 08 02}, pages = {77}, abstract = {Post-partum metritis is among the most prevalent disease in dairy cows affecting animal welfare and inflicting considerable economic loses. While post-partum contamination of the uterus is rife in dairy cows, only a fraction of these animals will develop metritis. Our main objective was to compare the bacterial communities and the inflammatory response in the endometrium of healthy and metritic dairy cows. Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 35) were sampled immediately following clinical classification as healthy (n = 21), suffering from metritis (n = 13) or septic metritis (n = 1), based on veterinary examination at 5-10~days post-partum. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) percentage in endometrial cytology was significantly higher in cows with metritis. Full-thickness uterine biopsy analysis revealed that the luminal epithelium in inter-caruncle areas was preserved in healthy cows, but in metritis it was compromised, with marked PMN infiltration particularly in the apical endometrium. Gram staining revealed that bacterial load and spatial distribution was associated with disease severity. 16S-rDNA bacterial community analysis revealed unique endometrial bacterial community composition in metritic cows, as compared to more diverse communities among healthy cows. The most abundant phyla in healthy cows were Proteobacteria (31.8 {\textpm} 9.3\%), Firmicutes (27.9 {\textpm} 8.4\%) and Bacteroidetes (19.7 {\textpm} 7.2\%), while Bacteroidetes (60.3 {\textpm} 10.3\%), Fusobacteria (13.4 {\textpm} 5.9\%) and Firmicutes (10.5 {\textpm} 3.3\%) were most abundant in the endometrial mucosa of metritic cows. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (19.7 {\textpm} 7.2\% vs. 60.3 {\textpm} 10.3\%), Fusobacteria (7.5 {\textpm} 5.2\% vs. 13.4 {\textpm} 5.9\%) and Proteobacteria (31.8 {\textpm} 9.3\% vs. 7.3 {\textpm} 5.6\%) phyla differed significantly between healthy and metritic cows. In summary, endometrial PMN abundance, spatial distribution and bacterial communities differed between healthy and metritic dairy cows at early post-partum.}, keywords = {Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Endometritis, Endometrium, Female, inflammation, ISRAEL, Microbiota, Postpartum Period, Reproduction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sequence Analysis, DNA}, issn = {1297-9716}, doi = {10.1186/s13567-018-0570-6}, author = {Sicsic, Ron and Goshen, Tamir and Dutta, Rahul and Kedem-Vaanunu, Noa and Kaplan-Shabtai, Veronica and Pasternak, Zohar and Gottlieb, Yuval and Shpigel, Nahum Y and Raz, Tal} } @article {88201, title = {Post-partum concentrations of serum progesterone, oestradiol and prolactin in Arabian mares demonstrating normal maternal behaviour and Arabian mares demonstrating foal rejection behaviour}, journal = {Vet J}, volume = {232}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 02}, pages = {40-45}, abstract = {The aim of this prospective study was to investigate possible endocrine components to foal rejection behaviour in post-partum Arabian mares. Arabian mares were divided into two groups based on their maternal behaviour: (1) mares with normal post-parturient behaviour (8 mares); and (2) mares that demonstrated foal-rejecting behaviour post-partum (15 mares). Most mares were visited and sampled twice, in the first and third days post-partum. Serum samples were used for measurement of progesterone, oestradiol and prolactin concentrations. There were no statistically significant differences in oestradiol, progesterone or prolactin concentrations between the groups. In the rejecting mares, there was a statistically significant decrease in the progesterone (mean{\textpm}standard deviation, SD, 3.14{\textpm}6.2ng/dL on day 1 and 0.49{\textpm}0.18ng/dL on day 3) and prolactin (mean{\textpm}SD 216.2{\textpm}325.4ng/mL on day 1 and 145.2{\textpm}311.4ng/mL on day 3) concentrations between days 1 and 3, while the oestradiol concentration did not change significantly. In the non-rejecting mares, progesterone concentrations decreased significantly (mean{\textpm}SD 0.8{\textpm}0.23ng/dL on day 1 and 0.43{\textpm}0.22 on day 3) while the oestradiol and prolactin concentrations did not change significantly. The oestradiol to progesterone ratio was significantly higher in non-rejecting mares on day 1 (mean{\textpm}SD 114.8{\textpm}140.2 on day 1 and 143.4{\textpm}72.6 on day 3) and this ratio increased significantly from days 1 to 3 in the rejecting mares (mean{\textpm}SD 47.3{\textpm}21.1 on day 1 and 122.1{\textpm}123.7 on day 3).}, keywords = {Animals, Estradiol, Female, Horses, Maternal Behavior, Postpartum Period, Progesterone, Prolactin, Prospective Studies}, issn = {1532-2971}, doi = {10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.007}, author = {Berlin, D and Steinman, A and Raz, T} } @article {88076, title = {Global hemostasis in healthy bitches during pregnancy and at different estrous cycle stages: Evaluation of routine hemostatic tests and thromboelastometry}, journal = {Theriogenology}, volume = {97}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 Jul 15}, pages = {57-66}, abstract = {This study assessed the global hemostasis (including prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], antithrombin activity [ATA], fibrinogen and d-Dimer concentrations, platelet count, plateletcrit and thromboelastometry) in healthy pregnant bitches, comparing the results with those of healthy bitches at different estrous cycle stages, and assessed whether hemostatic changes during pregnancy are associated with serum progesterone concentration or the presence of fetuses in utero. The results show that pregnant bitches have higher fibrinogen concentration, platelet count and platelatecrit, and that fibrin and global clot formations occur faster than in non-pregnant bitches at different estrous cycle stages. Additionally, clot strength was higher in pregnant bitches than in non-pregnant ones. There were no differences in PT, ATA, and D-dimer concentration between all study groups. The aPTT was significantly shorter in bitches at the fourth and last pregnancy weeks, compared to the anestrus group, and shorter in both the fourth and last pregnancy weeks groups, compared to diestrus group. These results all support a hypercoagulable state in healthy pregnant bitches, unassociated with progesterone concentration.}, keywords = {Animals, Dogs, Estrous Cycle, Female, Hemostasis, Hemostatics, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Thrombelastography}, issn = {1879-3231}, doi = {10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.023}, author = {Klainbart, Sigal and Slon, Alexandra and Kelmer, Efrat and Bdolah-Abram, Tali and Raz, Tal and Segev, Gilad and Aroch, Itamar and Tal, Smadar} } @article {88077, title = {The Effect of Perfusate Volume on Amikacin Concentration in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Following Cephalic Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses}, journal = {Vet Surg}, volume = {45}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Jul}, pages = {625-30}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of 3 perfusate volumes on amikacin concentration in the metacarpophalangeal joint following cephalic regional limb perfusion (RLP) in standing horses. ANIMALS: Seven healthy horses. METHODS: Three perfusate volumes (100, 60, and 30 mL), containing 2 grams of amikacin, were tested during intravenous RLP at the cephalic vein, placing the tourniquet at mid antebrachium, in standing sedated horses. Synovial fluid was collected from the metacarpophalangeal joint before perfusion and at 30 and 120 minutes after perfusion. Serum samples were taken from the jugular vein at the same time points. Samples were analyzed for amikacin concentrations and a repeated measures ANOVA, followed by least squares difference pairwise comparisons to identify differences in amikacin concentration across perfusate volumes. Differences were considered significant at P<.05. RESULTS: The mean amikacin concentration in synovial fluid at 30 minutes after perfusion was significantly higher following perfusate volume of 100 mL (579 μg/mL), compared to volumes of 60 mL (227 μg/mL) or 30 mL (282 μg/mL) (P<.05). When a threshold of 160 μg/mL was used, more horses reached the synovial therapeutic threshold following perfusate volume of 100 mL (100\%), than horses receiving 60 mL (43\%) and 30 mL (57\%) at 30 minutes after injection. CONCLUSION: The use of 100 mL volume for RLP at the cephalic vein in standing horses resulted in higher concentration of amikacin in the synovial fluid and is recommended for use in clinical cases.}, keywords = {Amikacin, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Forelimb, Horses, Male, Metacarpophalangeal Joint, Perfusion, Synovial Fluid, Tissue Distribution}, issn = {1532-950X}, doi = {10.1111/vsu.12490}, author = {Oreff, Gil L and Dahan, Roee and Tatz, Amos J and Raz, Tal and Britzi, Malka and Kelmer, Gal} } @article {88078, title = {Feeders of Free-Roaming Cats: Personal Characteristics, Feeding Practices, and Data on Cat Health and Welfare in an Urban Setting of Israel}, journal = {Front Vet Sci}, volume = {3}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, pages = {21}, abstract = {Cat feeders serve as an important source of available food for free-roaming cats (FRCs) and can play a central role in providing data on FRC distribution, welfare, and health. Data on cat feeder personalities as well as a better understanding of their feeding practices offer relevance for decision making concerning FRC population control strategies. The current study surveyed 222 FRC feeders who responded to a municipal trap-neuter-return (TNR) campaign in an Israeli central urban setting. The aim of the study was to describe their personal characteristics, feeding practices, and the FRC populations they feed. Feeders were divided into four groups according to the number of cats they claimed to feed per day (group 1: fed up to 5 cats, group 2: fed 6-10 cats, group 3: fed 11-20 cats, and group 4: fed >=21 cats). Most feeders were women (81\%), with a median age of 58 years (range 18-81). The feeders reported an overall feeding of 3337 cats in 342 different feeding locations. Feeders of group 4 comprised 15.31\% (n = 34) of all feeders but fed 56\% (n = 1869) of the FRC in 37.42\% (n = 128) of the feeding locations. "Heavy" feeders (groups 3 and 4) reported that they traveled significantly longer distances in order to feed the cats. Commercial dry food consisted of 90\% of the food they provided, with 66\% of them feeding once a day, with less food per cat per day than the other feeder groups. Interestingly, "heavy" feeders were usually singles, had on average fewer siblings, a clear preference for owning cats as pets, and lived in lower income neighborhoods. According to the feeders{\textquoteright} reports on the FRC populations they fed, 69.7\% (2325/3337) cats were neutered and 11.8\% (395/3337) were kittens. In addition, they reported that 1.6\% (54/3337) of the cats were limping, 2\% (67/3337) suffered from a systemic disease, 4\% (135/3337) had skin lesions, and 3.9\% (130/3337) were suffering from a chronic disability. Abundance of kittens and morbidity rate were significantly and negatively associated with neutering rate. These findings are in accordance with the suggestion that neutering may potentially improve cat welfare by reducing morbidity. Collaboration by the authorities with these heavy feeders, who represent a small number of FRC feeders and feed substantial FRC numbers, may be significant for the control and monitoring of FRC populations and their resources. }, issn = {2297-1769}, doi = {10.3389/fvets.2016.00021}, author = {Gunther, Idit and Raz, Tal and Even Zor, Yehonatan and Bachowski, Yuval and Klement, Eyal} } @article {88079, title = {Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation of Akt1 for Improving Ovarian Graft Revascularization in a Mouse Model}, journal = {Biol Reprod}, volume = {94}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Jan}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is one of a few available treatments for fertility preservation in women diagnosed with cancer. Rapid revascularization is essential for reducing hypoxic damage after grafting and protecting the primordial follicles reserve. Using a mouse model of heterotopic ovarian graft transplantation, we have delineated the role of endothelial Akt1 expression using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging follow-up to quantify angiogenic response. Endothelial Akt1 activation in ovarian grafts promoted angiogenesis to support the graft during posttransplantation hypoxic period. Similarly, simvastatin therapy activated Akt1 at the transplantation site and improved the revascularization and vascular support of ovarian grafts. These results serve as an important first step toward pharmacological intervention to improve revascularization of ovarian grafts and restoration of fertility in cancer survivors. The pro-angiogenic effects reported here may extend beyond improving ovarian graft reception in fertility preservation and could potentially be used for different organ or tissue transplantation. }, keywords = {Animals, Cryopreservation, Female, Graft Survival, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hypoxia, Infertility, Female, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mice, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Ovarian Follicle, Ovary, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Regional Blood Flow, Simvastatin}, issn = {1529-7268}, doi = {10.1095/biolreprod.115.131987}, author = {Cohen, Yoni and Dafni, Hagit and Avni, Reut and Fellus, Liat and Bochner, Filip and Rotkopf, Ron and Raz, Tal and Benjamin, Laura E and Walsh, Kenneth and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88207, title = {Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation of Akt1 for Improving Ovarian Graft Revascularization in a Mouse Model.}, journal = {Biology of Reproduction}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is one of a few available treatments for fertility preservation in women diagnosed with cancer. Rapid revascularization is essential for reducing hypoxic damage after grafting and protecting the primordial follicles reserve. Using a mouse model of heterotopic ovarian graft transplantation, we have delineated the role of endothelial Akt1 expression using longitudinal MRI follow-up to quantify angiogenic response. Endothelial Akt1 activation in ovarian grafts promoted angiogenesis to support the graft during post-transplantation hypoxic period. Similarly, simvastatin therapy activated Akt1 at the transplantation site and improved the revascularization and vascular support of ovarian grafts. These results serve as an important first step towards pharmacological intervention to improve revascularization of ovarian grafts and restoration of fertility in cancer survivors. The pro angiogenic effects reported here may extend beyond improving ovarian graft reception in fertility preservation and could potentially be used for different organ or tissue transplantation.

}, author = {Cohen, Yoni and Dafni, Hagit and Avni, Reut and Fellus, Liat and Bochner, Filip and Rotkopf, Ron and Raz, Tal and Laura Elaine Benjamin and Walsh, Kenneth and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88200, title = {Nuisances and welfare of free-roaming cats in urban settings and their association with cat reproduction}, journal = {Prev Vet Med}, volume = {119}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 May 01}, pages = {203-10}, abstract = {Free roaming cats (FRC) are highly abundant in cities around the world. Increasing populations of these cats might result in impairment of cat welfare and cause nuisances and public health risks. In order to study the seasonal dynamics of FRC populations and its association with events of cat welfare impairment and nuisances, we analyzed a database of FRC-associated citizens{\textquoteright} telephone complaint events, which were registered in five cities in Israel (total human population of 1.42 million residents) during the years 2007-2011. These complaint events were classified to the following six categories: cat{\textquoteright}s carcasses, kittens, parturition, aggressive behavior toward people, invasion to human facilities, and cat injuries and distress. Overall, 87,764 complaint events associated with these categories were registered in the five cities during the study period (123.2 complaint events per 10,000 citizens per year). Length of daylight was moderately correlated with the rate of complaints on kittens in the same month (r=0.64) and parturition in the previous month (r=0.54) (P<0.001). Both kitten and parturition-related complaints showed a prominent seasonal pattern, peaking in April and May, respectively, and declining gradually until November. {\textquoteright}Kittens{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}parturition{\textquoteright} were explicitly mentioned in 38\%, 39\% and 19\%, respectively, of the complaints regarding cat aggressiveness toward people, cat invasion to human facilities and cat injuries and distress. In most of the cities the rate of citizen complaints regarding carcasses, aggression, invasion and injuries were still significantly correlated with rate of complaints regarding kittens after omission of these joint complaints and remained significant after controlling for seasonality. These findings imply an association of cat welfare impairment and nuisances with FRC reproduction intensity. The current study revealed the high rate of nuisances and potential public health hazards related to FRC, as well as the impairment of cat welfare, which might be merely {\textquoteright}the tip of the iceberg{\textquoteright} of the real welfare situation of these cats. Further studies should examine the effectiveness of FRC population control strategies for the reduction of the rate of nuisances and public health risks related to FRC, as well as for improving their welfare. }, keywords = {Aggression, Animal Welfare, Animals, Cats, Cities, ISRAEL, Population Dynamics, Reproduction, Seasons, Time Factors}, issn = {1873-1716}, doi = {10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.012}, author = {Gunther, I and Raz, T and Berke, O and Klement, E} } @article {88083, title = {In search of signaling pathways critical for ovarian graft reception: Akt1 is essential for long-term survival of ovarian grafts}, journal = {Fertil Steril}, volume = {101}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Feb}, pages = {536-44}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of Akt1, a principle modulator of angiogenesis, in ovarian graft reception and to investigate whether Akt1 deficiency can alter ovarian graft reception. DESIGN: Experimental mouse model. SETTING: Research institute. ANIMAL(S): Donors: Akt1 knockout (Akt1(-/-)) and wild types (Akt1(+/+)) mice. Recipients: CD-1 nude immune deficient female mice. INTERVENTION(S): Ovaries from Akt1(-/-) and Akt1(+/+) mice transplanted in the biceps femoris muscle of immunocompromised CD-1 mice, and ovarian graft viability, perfusion, and revascularization explored in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Vascular density and permeability of newly formed graft blood vessels quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after grafting as indicators for angiogenesis and reestablishment of blood perfusion. RESULT(S): The Akt1(-/-) ovarian grafts showed a gradual decrease in angiogenic response with time after transplantation, ultimately leading to complete or near-complete graft destruction coinciding with massive follicular loss. Sixty days after transplantation, the mean blood volume fraction (fBV) and vessel permeability (PS) were statistically significantly lower in Akt1(-/-) transplants compared with Akt1(+/+). CONCLUSION(S): Akt1 is essential for ovarian graft reception. However, surprisingly the impact of Akt1 deficiency was most profound not in the early stages of angiogenesis but rather in long-term survival of the graft.}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Graft Survival, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Nude, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Ovary, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Signal Transduction, Time Factors}, issn = {1556-5653}, doi = {10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.007}, author = {Cohen, Yoni and Dafni, Hagit and Avni, Reut and Raz, Tal and Biton, Inbal and Hemmings, Brian and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88081, title = {Major mouse placental compartments revealed by diffusion-weighted MRI, contrast-enhanced MRI, and fluorescence imaging}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {111}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jul 15}, pages = {10353-8}, abstract = {Mammalian models, and mouse studies in particular, play a central role in our understanding of placental development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be a valuable tool to further these studies, providing both structural and functional information. As fluid dynamics throughout the placenta are driven by a variety of flow and diffusion processes, diffusion-weighted MRI could enhance our understanding of the exchange properties of maternal and fetal blood pools--and thereby of placental function. These studies, however, have so far been hindered by the small sizes, the unavoidable motions, and the challenging air/water/fat heterogeneities, associated with mouse placental environments. The present study demonstrates that emerging methods based on the spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) of the MRI information can robustly overcome these obstacles. Using SPEN MRI in combination with albumin-based contrast agents, we analyzed the diffusion behavior of developing placentas in a cohort of mice. These studies successfully discriminated the maternal from the fetal blood flows; the two orders of magnitude differences measured in these fluids{\textquoteright} apparent diffusion coefficients suggest a nearly free diffusion behavior for the former and a strong flow-based component for the latter. An intermediate behavior was observed by these methods for a third compartment that, based on maternal albumin endocytosis, was associated with trophoblastic cells in the interphase labyrinth. Structural features associated with these dynamic measurements were consistent with independent intravital and ex vivo fluorescence microscopy studies and are discussed within the context of the anatomy of developing mouse placentas.}, keywords = {Animals, Contrast Media, Female, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mice, Optical Imaging, Placental Circulation, Pregnancy, Trophoblasts}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1401695111}, author = {Solomon, Eddy and Avni, Reut and Hadas, Ron and Raz, Tal and Garbow, Joel Richard and Bendel, Peter and Frydman, Lucio and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88082, title = {Ovarian dendritic cells act as a double-edged pro-ovulatory and anti-inflammatory sword}, journal = {Mol Endocrinol}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jul}, pages = {1039-54}, abstract = {Ovulation and inflammation share common attributes, including immune cell invasion into the ovary. The present study aims at deciphering the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Using a CD11c-EYFP transgenic mouse model, ovarian transplantation experiments, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, we demonstrate that CD11c-positive, F4/80-negative cells, representing DCs, are recruited to the ovary under gonadotropin regulation. By conditional ablation of these cells in CD11c-DTR transgenic mice, we revealed that they are essential for expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complex, release of the ovum from the ovarian follicle, formation of a functional corpus luteum, and enhanced lymphangiogenesis. These experiments were complemented by allogeneic DC transplantation after conditional ablation of CD11c-positive cells that rescued ovulation. The pro-ovulatory effects of these cells were mediated by up-regulation of ovulation-essential genes. Interestingly, we detected a remarkable anti-inflammatory capacity of ovarian DCs, which seemingly serves to restrict the ovulatory-associated inflammation. In addition to discovering the role of DCs in ovulation, this study implies the extended capabilities of these cells, beyond their classic immunologic role, which is relevant also to other biological systems. }, keywords = {Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antigens, Differentiation, CD11c Antigen, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Corpus Luteum, Cumulus Cells, Dendritic Cells, Diphtheria Toxin, Female, inflammation, Lymphangiogenesis, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Oocytes, Ovarian Follicle, Ovary, Ovulation, Ovum, Progesterone}, issn = {1944-9917}, doi = {10.1210/me.2013-1400}, author = {Cohen-Fredarow, Adva and Tadmor, Ari and Raz, Tal and Meterani, Naama and Addadi, Yoseph and Nava Nevo and Solomonov, Inna and Sagi, Irit and Mor, Gil and Neeman, Michal and Dekel, Nava} } @article {88084, title = {Chronic Akt1 deficiency attenuates adverse remodeling and enhances angiogenesis after myocardial infarction}, journal = {Circ Cardiovasc Imaging}, volume = {6}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov}, pages = {992-1000}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Akt1 is a key signaling molecule in multiple cell types, including endothelial cells. Accordingly, Akt1 was proposed as a therapeutic target for ischemic injury in the context of myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to use multimodal in vivo imaging to investigate the impact of systemic Akt1 deficiency on cardiac function and angiogenesis before and after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vivo cardiac MRI was performed before and at days 1, 8, 15, and 29 to 30 after MI induction for wild-type, heterozygous, and Akt1-deficient mice. Noninfarcted hearts were imaged using ex vivo stereomicroscopy and microcomputed tomography. Histological examination was performed for noninfarcted hearts and for hearts at days 8 and 29 to 30 after MI. MRI revealed mildly decreased baseline cardiac function in Akt1 null mice, whereas ex vivo stereomicroscopy and microcomputed tomography revealed substantially reduced coronary macrovasculature. After MI, Akt1(-/-) mice demonstrated significantly attenuated ventricular remodeling and a smaller decrease in ejection fraction. At 8 days after MI, a larger functional capillary network at the remote and border zone, accompanied by reduced scar extension, preserved cardiac function, and enhanced border zone wall thickening, was observed in Akt1(-/-) mice when compared with littermate controls. CONCLUSIONS: Using multimodal imaging to probe the role of Akt1 in cardiac function and remodeling after MI, this study revealed reduced adverse remodeling in Akt1-deficient mice after MI. Augmented myocardial angiogenesis coupled with a more functional myocardial capillary network may facilitate revascularization and therefore be responsible for preservation of infarcted myocardium.}, keywords = {Animals, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Vessels, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Myocardial Infarction, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Ventricular Remodeling, X-ray microtomography}, issn = {1942-0080}, doi = {10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.000828}, author = {Vandoorne, Katrien and Vandsburger, Moriel H and Raz, Tal and Shalev, Moran and Weisinger, Karen and Biton, Inbal and Brumfeld, Vlad and Raanan, Calanit and Nava Nevo and Eilam, Raya and Hemmings, Brian A and Tzahor, Eldad and Harmelin, Alon and Gepstein, Lior and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88215, title = {In search of signaling pathways critical for ovarian graft reception: Akt1 is essential for long-term survival of ovarian grafts}, journal = {Fertility and sterility}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

To explore the role of Akt1, a principle modulator of angiogenesis, in ovarian graft reception and to investigate whether Akt1 deficiency can alter ovarian graft reception. Experimental mouse model. Research institute. Donors: Akt1 knockout (Akt1(-/-)) and wild types (Akt1(+/+)) mice. Recipients: CD-1 nude immune deficient female mice. Ovaries from Akt1(-/-) and Akt1(+/+) mice transplanted in the biceps femoris muscle of immunocompromised CD-1 mice, and ovarian graft viability, perfusion, and revascularization explored in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vascular density and permeability of newly formed graft blood vessels quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after grafting as indicators for angiogenesis and reestablishment of blood perfusion. The Akt1(-/-) ovarian grafts showed a gradual decrease in angiogenic response with time after transplantation, ultimately leading to complete or near-complete graft destruction coinciding with massive follicular loss. Sixty days after transplantation, the mean blood volume fraction (fBV) and vessel permeability (PS) were statistically significantly lower in Akt1(-/-) transplants compared with Akt1(+/+). Akt1 is essential for ovarian graft reception. However, surprisingly the impact of Akt1 deficiency was most profound not in the early stages of angiogenesis but rather in long-term survival of the graft.

}, author = {Cohen, Yoni and Dafni, Hagit and Avni, Reut and Raz, Tal and Biton, Inbal E and Hemmings, Brian and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88199, title = {Standing open-flank approach for removal of enlarged pathologic ovaries in mares}, journal = {Vet Rec}, volume = {172}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jun 29}, pages = {687}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Horse Diseases, Horses, Ovarian Diseases, Ovariectomy, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {2042-7670}, doi = {10.1136/vr.101380}, author = {Kelmer, G and Raz, T and Berlin, D and Steinman, A and Tatz, A J} } @article {88220, title = {DVD review; FoalinMare- Insights inside the foaling mare}, journal = {Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, pages = {190-191}, url = {http://www.ijvm.org.il/sites/default/files/foalinmare_book_review_sept_2012.pdf}, author = {Raz, T.} } @article {88190, title = {The hemodynamic basis for positional- and inter-fetal dependent effects in dual arterial supply of mouse pregnancies}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {e52273}, abstract = {In mammalian pregnancy, maternal cardiovascular adaptations must match the requirements of the growing fetus(es), and respond to physiologic and pathologic conditions. Such adaptations are particularly demanding for mammals bearing large-litter pregnancies, with their inherent conflict between the interests of each individual fetus and the welfare of the entire progeny. The mouse is the most common animal model used to study development and genetics, as well as pregnancy-related diseases. Previous studies suggested that in mice, maternal blood flow to the placentas occurs via a single arterial uterine loop generated by arterial-arterial anastomosis of the uterine artery to the uterine branch of the ovarian artery, resulting in counter bi-directional blood flow. However, we provide here experimental evidence that each placenta is actually supplied by two distinct arterial inputs stemming from the uterine artery and from the uterine branch of the ovarian artery, with position-dependent contribution of flow from each source. Moreover, we report significant positional- and inter-fetal dependent alteration of placental perfusion, which were detected by in vivo MRI and fluorescence imaging. Maternal blood flow to the placentas was dependent on litter size and was attenuated for placentas located centrally along the uterine horn. Distinctive apposing, inter-fetal hemodynamic effects of either reduced or elevated maternal blood flow, were measured for placenta of normal fetuses that are positioned adjacent to either pathological, or to hypovascular Akt1-deficient placentas, respectively. The results reported here underscore the critical importance of confounding local and systemic in utero effects on phenotype presentation, in general and in the setting of genetically modified mice. The unique robustness and plasticity of the uterine vasculature architecture, as reported in this study, can explain the ability to accommodate varying litter sizes, sustain large-litter pregnancies and overcome pathologic challenges. Remarkably, the dual arterial supply is evolutionary conserved in mammals bearing a single offspring, including primates.}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Fetus, Hemodynamics, Litter Size, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mice, Optical Imaging, Placenta, Pregnancy, Uterine Artery}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0052273}, author = {Raz, Tal and Avni, Reut and Addadi, Yoseph and Cohen, Yoni and Jaffa, Ariel J and Hemmings, Brian and Garbow, Joel R and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88219, title = {Ovarian follicular dynamics during the estrous cycle in the mare}, journal = {Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, pages = {11-18}, url = {http://www.ijvm.org.il/sites/default/files/ovarian_follicular_dynamics_of_the_mare.pdf}, author = {1. Raz, T. and Aharonson-Raz, K.} } @article {88191, title = {Unique in utero identification of fetuses in multifetal mouse pregnancies by placental bidirectional arterial spin labeling MRI}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, volume = {68}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Aug}, pages = {560-70}, abstract = {Noninvasive imaging is a critical part of the study of developing embryos/fetuses, particularly in the context of alterations of gene expression in genetically modified animals. However, in litter-bearing animals, such as mice, the inability to accurately identify individual embryo/fetus in utero is a major obstacle to longitudinal, noninvasive in vivo studies. Arterial spin labeling MRI was adopted here to determine the fetal order along the uterine horns in vivo, based on the specific pattern of dual arterial blood supply within the mouse uterine horns. Blood enters the mouse uterus cranially through the ovarian artery and caudally through the uterine artery. Saturation slices were alternately placed on the maternal heart or on the bifurcation point of the common iliac artery, thereby saturating either downward inflow via the ovarian arteries or upward inflow via the uterine arteries, respectively. Saturation maps provided a unique signature with highly significant correlation between the direction-dependent magnetization transfer and the position of the fetuses/placentas along the uterine horns. The bidirectional arterial spin labeling-MRI method reported here opens possibilities to determine and pursue phenotypic alterations in fetuses and placentas in longitudinal studies of transgenic and knockout mice models, and for studying defects in placental vascular architecture.}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Fetus, Litter Size, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Multiple, Prenatal Diagnosis, Spin Labels}, issn = {1522-2594}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.23246}, author = {Avni, Reut and Raz, Tal and Biton, Inbal E and Kalchenko, Vyacheslav and Garbow, Joel R and Neeman, Michal} } @article {88192, title = {Evaluation of two oestrus synchronization regimens in eFSH-treated donor mares}, journal = {Vet J}, volume = {188}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Apr}, pages = {105-9}, abstract = {Reliable methods for regulating oestrus and superovulation in equine embryo transfer (ET) programs are desirable. The objective in this study was to compare two oestrus synchronization methods combined with equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment in an ET program. In the progesterone and estradiol-17β (P\&E) group, mares (n=12) were given progesterone and estradiol-17β, daily for 10 days, followed by prostaglandin (PG)F(2α) on the last day. In the PG group, mares (n=12) were given PGF(2α) 5 days post-ovulation. In both groups donor mares were allocated to eFSH therapy, and were subsequently bred. Embryo recovery and transfer were performed routinely. The interval to ovulation (mean {\textpm} SEM, range) was not statistically different between donor mares in the P\&E group (10.2{\textpm}0.3, 9-12 days) and donor mares in the PG group (8.7{\textpm}0.7, 4-12 days). Among donor mares, the synchrony of ovulations was higher following the P\&E regimen (P<0.05); however, there was a tendency (P<0.06) for fewer ovulations than in the PG group (1.5{\textpm}0.3 vs. 2.5{\textpm}0.4 ovulations, respectively). Embryo recovery (0.9{\textpm}0.3 vs. 1.4{\textpm}0.3 embryo/recovery) and recipient pregnancy rate per transferred embryo (4/9, 44\% vs. 4/15, 27\%) were similar. It was concluded that the P\&E regimen was more reliable for synchronization of oestrus in eFSH-treated mares but the fewer ovulations may curtail any advantage of this regimen.}, keywords = {Animals, Dinoprost, Embryo Transfer, Estradiol, Estrus Synchronization, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Rate, Progesterone, Superovulation}, issn = {1532-2971}, doi = {10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.013}, author = {Raz, Tal and Carley, Sylvia D and Green, Jodyne M and Card, Claire E} } @article {88198, title = {Folliculogenesis, embryo parameters and post-transfer recipient pregnancy rate following equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment in cycling donor mares}, journal = {Aust Vet J}, volume = {89}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Apr}, pages = {138-42}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Induction of multiple ovulations, or superovulation, may potentially increase the efficiency of equine embryo transfer programs. Our objective was to investigate the effects of equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment on the success rate of embryo transfer programs in mares. METHODS: In the research facility of the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, we studied 12 donor mares and 37 recipient mares during the physiological breeding season. Donor mares were used in two consecutive oestrous cycles: the first served as the control cycle and in the second an eFSH regimen was applied (eFSH cycle). In the control cycle, mares were administered human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation when a follicle >=35 mm in diameter was detected by transrectal ultrasonographic examination. In the second oestrous cycle, twice-daily eFSH treatment was initiated when a follicle >=25 mm was detected and treatment ceased when a follicle >=35 mm was present, at which time hCG was administered. All donor mares were artificially inseminated while in oestrus using fresh semen collected from a stallion of proven fertility. At 8 days post-ovulation, embryos were recovered transcervically and transferred individually to the uterus of a synchronised recipient mare. RESULTS: The eFSH treatment stimulated the ovary and resulted in greater numbers of ovulations and recovered embryos; however the recovered embryos tended to have a lower morphological grade than the control embryos, and the recipient pregnancy rate per transferred embryo was lower than anticipated. CONCLUSION: The numbers of recipient pregnancies and foals born that resulted from eFSH treatment were not different from the control.}, keywords = {Animals, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Embryo Transfer, Estrus Synchronization, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Insemination, Artificial, Ovarian Follicle, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Rate, Superovulation}, issn = {1751-0813}, doi = {10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00691.x}, author = {Raz, T and Green, G M and Carley, S D and Card, C E} } @article {88222, title = {What is your diagnosis? Evaluation of Premature mammary gland development and vaginal discharge in a mare in late gestation}, journal = {Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine }, volume = {67}, year = {2011}, pages = {67-72}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9b6e/1d7d5a0047f7133010c885d992093f85bfd5.pdf}, author = {Raz, T. and Haik, R.} } @article {88197, title = {Ovulation, pregnancy rate and early embryonic development in vernal transitional mares treated with equine- or porcine-FSH}, journal = {Reprod Domest Anim}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Apr}, pages = {287-94}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of purified equine- and porcine-FSH treatment regimes in mares in early vernal transition. Mares (n = 22) kept under ambient light were examined ultrasonographically per-rectum, starting January 30th. They were assigned to one of two treatment groups using a sequential alternating treatment design when a follicle >or= 25 mm was detected. In the eFSH group, mares were treated twice daily with equine-FSH, and in the pFSH group mares were treated twice daily with porcine-FSH; treatments were continued until follicle(s) >or= 35 mm, and 24 h later hCG was administered. Oestrous mares were inseminated with fresh semen and examined for pregnancy on days 11-20 post-ovulation. In the eFSH group, 11/11 (100\%) mares developed follicle(s) >or= 35 mm, 8/11 (73\%) ovulated and 6/8 (75\%) conceived. In the pFSH group, 5/11 (45\%) developed follicle(s) >or= 35 mm, 4/11 (36\%) ovulated and 3/4 (75\%) conceived. Treatment with eFSH resulted in a greater ovarian stimulation; higher number of pre-ovulatory-sized follicles, higher number of ovulations and higher number of embryos (p < 0.05). Following ovulation, serum progesterone concentrations were correlated with the number of CLs and supported early embryonic development; maternal recognition of pregnancy occurred in all pregnant mares. We concluded that eFSH can be used to effectively induce follicular growth and ovulation in vernal transitional mares; however, if bred, diagnosis and management of twins{\textquoteright} pregnancies would be required prior to day 16 because of the increased risk of multiple embryos per pregnancy. Conversely, the current pFSH treatment regime cannot be recommended.}, keywords = {Animals, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Ovulation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Rate, Progesterone, Seasons, Swine}, issn = {1439-0531}, doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01296.x}, author = {Raz, T and Amorim, M D and Stover, B C and Card, C E} } @article {88221, title = {Semen characteristics in a sub-fertile Arabian stallion with idiopathic teratospermia}, journal = {Reprod Domest Anim}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Apr}, pages = {354-8}, abstract = {A 5-year-old Arabian stallion was managed for breeding with fresh/extended semen during a period of 8 months with a resulting per cycle pregnancy rate of 26.3\%. The stallion was in good health and no abnormalities of the reproductive tract were observed. Evaluation of several ejaculates revealed that sperm production and semen quality were mostly unchanged during the period of evaluation, that sperm production was normal and that semen quality was extremely poor. The most prevalent sperm defects were abnormal heads and mid-pieces. Most abnormal heads were microcephalic and/or tapered and considerable variation in sperm head dimensions within and among ejaculates was observed. A unique defect characterized by swollen/roughened mid-piece caused by accumulation of cytoplasmic-like material and abnormal mitochondrial sheath was observed. Nuclear vacuoles, acrosome defects, and teratoids were also prevalent and most sperm presented multiple abnormalities. The absence of any clear cause or any signs of testicular degeneration, combined with normal sperm production, and constant abnormal sperm production suggest an inherent, congenital disturbance of spermatogenesis as the cause of teratospermia in this case.}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Horse Diseases, Horses, Infertility, Male, Male, Pregnancy, Semen, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Spermatogenesis, Spermatozoa, Testis}, issn = {1439-0531}, doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01252.x}, author = {Brito, L F C and Kelleman, A and Greene, L M and Raz, T and Barth, A D} } @article {88196, title = {Comparison of the effects of eFSH and deslorelin treatment regimes on ovarian stimulation and embryo production of donor mares in early vernal transition}, journal = {Theriogenology}, volume = {71}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Jun}, pages = {1358-66}, abstract = {The objective was to compare the effects of eFSH and deslorelin treatment regimes on ovarian stimulation and embryo production of donor mares in early spring transition. Starting January 30th, mares kept under ambient light were examined by transrectal ultrasonography. When a follicle > or =25 mm was detected, mares were assigned to one of two treatment groups, using a sequential alternating treatment design. In the eFSH group, mares (n=18) were treated twice daily with eFSH (12.5mg im) until they achieved a follicle > or =35 mm; hCG was given 36 h later. In the deslorelin group, mares (n=18) were treated twice daily with deslorelin (63 microg im) until a follicle > or =35 mm was detected, and then they were given hCG. Estrous mares were inseminated with fresh semen. Eight days after ovulation, embryo recovery attempts were performed. In each group, 14/18 (78\%) mares ovulated following the eFSH or deslorelin treatment regimes. The mean (95\% CI) interval from treatment initiation to ovulation was 8.2d (7.3, 8.9) and 7.2d (6.2, 8.1) in the eFSH and deslorelin groups, respectively. In the eFSH group, the number of ovulations was significantly higher (mean+/-S.E.M.; 3.4+/-0.4 vs. 1.1+/-0.1 ovulations), and more embryos were recovered (2.6+/-0.5 vs. 0.4+/-0.2 embryos/recovery attempt). We concluded that eFSH and deslorelin treatment regimes were equally effective in inducing ovulation in early transitional mares, within a predictable time of treatment; however, the eFSH regime increased the number of ovulations and embryos recovered per mare.}, keywords = {Animals, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Insemination, Artificial, Ovarian Follicle, Ovulation Induction, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Tissue and Organ Harvesting, Triptorelin Pamoate}, issn = {0093-691X}, doi = {10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.048}, author = {Raz, T and Carley, S and Card, C} } @article {88194, title = {Early effects of equine FSH (eFSH) treatment on hormonal and reproductive parameters in mares intended to carry their own pregnancy}, journal = {Anim Reprod Sci}, volume = {115}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Oct}, pages = {76-87}, abstract = {Superovulatory treatment may potentially increase the embryo recovery rate and the per-cycle pregnancy rate in normal or subfertile mares that are managed properly. However, some studies suggest a possible negative effect of superovulatory treatment on ovarian follicular maturation and embryo viability. Objectives of the present study were to investigate the early effects of eFSH treatment in reproductively normal mares in terms of: folliculogenesis, pregnancy rate, early embryonic development, reproductive tract parameters (tone and edema), and serum estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations. Reproductively sound mares (n=26) were evaluated daily by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography. Five days after spontaneous ovulation, mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. In the eFSH group, mares (n=16 estrous cycles) were administered eFSH twice daily; beginning when a follicle > or =20mm was detected, and continuing until at least one follicle reached a diameter of > or =35 mm. PGF2alpha was administered 2 days following initiation of eFSH therapy, and hCG was administered approximately 36h after cessation of eFSH therapy. In the control group, mares (n=26 estrous cycles) were administered PGF2alpha 7 days after spontaneous ovulation, and hCG when a follicle > or =35 mm was detected. All mares were bred with fresh semen, monitored for ovulation (Day 0), and evaluated for pregnancy on Days 11-16. Serum estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations were analyzed using radioimmunoassay on the Day of hCG administration, and Days 8, 11 and 16. Mares treated with eFSH had more follicles > or =30 mm at the time of hCG administration (2.6+/-0.4 compared with 1.1+/-0.1; P<0.01), and more ovulations (2.3+/-0.5 compared with 1.1+/-0.3; P<0.01). However, pregnancy rates were not significantly different between groups (50\%; 8/16 compared with 62\%; 16/26). Mean overall daily growth rate of embryonic vesicles from Day 11 to 16 was not statistically different between the two groups (3.3+/-0.3 compared with 3.7+/-0.1 mm/day) (P=0.2); however, was more variable (P<0.01) in the eFSH group (95\%CI: 2.6-3.8mm/day) than in the control group (95\%CI: 3.5-3.9 mm/day). Administration of eFSH modified the reproductive tract variables and serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17beta on the days that oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development are expected to occur. These alterations may be related to the greater incidence of non-ovulatory follicles (25\% compared with 0\%), fewer embryos per ovulation rate (0.3+/-0.1 compared with 0.6+/-0.1), and the lesser than expected pregnancy rates in the eFSH-treated mares.}, keywords = {Animals, Anovulation, Drug Administration Schedule, Estradiol, Estrus, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Infertility, Female, Insemination, Artificial, Ovulation, Palpation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Animal, Progesterone}, issn = {1873-2232}, doi = {10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.11.001}, author = {Raz, Tal and Gray, Allister and Hunter, Barbara and Card, Claire} } @article {88195, title = {Efficiency of superovulation and in vivo embryo production in eFSH-treated donor mares after estrus synchronization with progesterone and estradiol-17beta}, journal = {Theriogenology}, volume = {72}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Jul 15}, pages = {169-78}, abstract = {Reliable methods of regulating estrus and stimulating superovulations in equine embryo transfer programs are desirable. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of a progesterone and estradiol-17beta (P\&E) estrus synchronization regimen in mares with and without subsequent equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment and to examine the effects of eFSH on folliculogenesis and embryo production. Cycling mares were treated with P\&E daily for 10 d. On the final P\&E treatment day, prostaglandin F(2alpha) was administered, and mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n=20 mares/group). In both groups, mares were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography. In the eFSH group, twice-daily eFSH treatments were initiated at follicle diameter 20 to 25 mm and ceased at follicle > or =35 mm; human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was administered after 36 h. In the control group, eFSH treatments were not given, but hCG was administered at follicle > or =35 mm. Mares were inseminated with fresh semen, and embryo recovery attempts were performed 8 d postovulation. Synchrony of ovulations within each group appeared to be similar. Six mares in the eFSH group failed to ovulate. The eFSH treatment resulted in higher (P<0.05) numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations; however, embryo recovery rate did not increase (eFSH 1.0+/-0.4 vs. control 0.95+/-0.1 embryos/recovery attempt), and embryo per ovulation rate was significantly lower (36\% vs. 73\%). The eFSH-treated mares had significantly higher frequency of nonovulatory follicles (28\% vs. 0) and higher periovulatory serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta. Based on our findings, combined P\&E and eFSH regimens cannot be recommended for cycling donor mares.}, keywords = {Animals, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Embryo Transfer, Estradiol, Estrus Synchronization, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Insemination, Artificial, Ovarian Follicle, Ovulation, Progesterone, Superovulation, Tissue and Organ Harvesting, Ultrasonography}, issn = {1879-3231}, doi = {10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.02.011}, author = {Raz, T and Card, C} } @article {88193, title = {Reproductive performance of donor mares subsequent to eFSH treatment in early vernal transition: Comparison between the first, second, and mid-season estrous cycles of the breeding season}, journal = {Anim Reprod Sci}, volume = {116}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {107-18}, abstract = {The objective was to compare the reproductive performances associated with the first (Cycle-1), second (Cycle-2), and mid-season (MS-Cycle) ovulations of the breeding season in donor mares that were treated with equine-FSH (eFSH) in the early vernal transition. Mares (n=15) kept under ambient light were examined ultrasonographically per-rectum starting January 30. When an ovarian follicle > or =25mm in diameter was detected, twice daily eFSH treatments were initiated. The eFSH treatments ceased when a follicle > or =35mm was detected, and 36h later hCG was administered. Thereafter, mares were artificially inseminated every 48h until ovulation (Day 0). Trans-cervical embryo recovery attempts were performed on Day 8, and subsequently PGF2alpha was administered. Equine FSH was not administered in the subsequent estrous cycles. In Cycle-2 and in the MS-Cycle, hCG was administered when a follicle > or =35mm was detected; breeding, embryo recovery, and PGF2alpha administration, were similar to Cycle-1. Mares had an untreated estrous cycle (no treatment or breeding) between Cycle-2 and the MS-Cycle. All mares developed follicle(s) > or =35mm after 4.9+/-0.6 days of eFSH treatment, and subsequently ovulations occurred; mean (95\% CI) interval from treatment initiation to ovulation was 7.9 (6.5-9.3) days. The number of preovulatory follicles (> or =30mm) at the time of hCG administration (Cycle-1: 2.2+/-0.3 compared with Cycle-2: 1.0+/-0 compared with MS-Cycle: 1.1+/-0.1 follicles), and the number of ovulations (2.5+/-0.4 compared with 1.0+/-0 compared with 1.1+/-0.1 ovulations) were greater (p<0.05) in Cycle-1. Nevertheless, mean embryo numbers did not differ among cycles (0.8+/-0.2 compared with 0.5+/-0.1 compared with 0.5+/-0.1 embryo/mare). On average, embryo morphology grade was less (p<0.05) in Cycle-1 as compared to non-eFSH cycles (combined Cycle-2 and MS-Cycle). This impaired embryo quality could be due to a seasonal effect, or negative effect of the eFSH treatment, which was possibly related to alterations in the hormonal environment (estradiol-17beta and progesterone). A prolonged IOI (>21 days) was recorded in 7 of 15 mares following the Cycle-1 ovulation, but not subsequently. In conclusion, eFSH treatment of vernal transitional donor mares stimulated ovulation within only few days of treatment, and the following embryo recovery rate was at least as good as in the subsequent estrous cycles; however, on average, embryos were morphologically impaired. In subsequent estrous cycles in the breeding season, ovulations, embryo recovery rates, and embryo variables did not appear to be negatively affected; however, the first inter-ovulatory interval of the breeding season was prolonged in approximately half of the mares.}, keywords = {Animals, Breeding, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Embryonic development, Estradiol, Estrus, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Horses, Ovulation, Ovulation Induction, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Reproduction, Seasons, Superovulation}, issn = {1873-2232}, doi = {10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.008}, author = {Raz, Tal and Hunter, Barbara and Carley, Sylvia and Card, Claire} }