B. Antebi, Zhang, L. , Sheyn, D. , Pelled, G. , Zhang, X. , Gazit, Z. , Schwarz, E. M, ו Gazit, D.. 2016.
“Controlling Arteriogenesis And Mast Cells Are Central To Bioengineering Solutions For Critical Bone Defect Repair Using Allografts”. Bioengineering (Basel), 3. doi:10.3390/bioengineering3010006.
Publisher's Version תקציר Although most fractures heal, critical defects in bone fail due to aberrant differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards fibrosis rather than osteogenesis. While conventional bioengineering solutions to this problem have focused on enhancing angiogenesis, which is required for bone formation, recent studies have shown that fibrotic non-unions are associated with arteriogenesis in the center of the defect and accumulation of mast cells around large blood vessels. Recently, recombinant parathyroid hormone (rPTH; teriparatide; Forteo) therapy have shown to have anti-fibrotic effects on non-unions and critical bone defects due to inhibition of arteriogenesis and mast cell numbers within the healing bone. As this new direction holds great promise towards a solution for significant clinical hurdles in craniofacial reconstruction and limb salvage procedures, this work reviews the current state of the field, and provides insights as to how teriparatide therapy could be used as an adjuvant for healing critical defects in bone. Finally, as teriparatide therapy is contraindicated in the setting of cancer, which constitutes a large subset of these patients, we describe early findings of adjuvant therapies that may present future promise by directly inhibiting arteriogenesis and mast cell accumulation at the defect site.
Astrid Nikodem, LEVINE, RD , Remacle, Francoise , Yamanouchi, K , Hill, W , ו Paulus, FG . 2016.
“Controlling Coherent Quantum Nuclear Dynamics In Lih By Ultra Short Ir Atto Pulses”. Progress In Ultrafast Laser Science Xiii, Pp. in press.
Space variant beams are of great importance for a variety of applications that have emerged in recent years. As such, manipulation of their degrees of freedom is highly desired. Here, we study the general interaction of space variant beams with a magnetically influenced Rb medium exploiting the atoms versatile properties in terms of frequency and intensity dependent circular dichroism and circular birefringence. We present the particular cases of radially polarized and hybrid polarized beams where the control of the polarization states is demonstrated experimentally. Moreover, we show that such an atomic system can be used as a tunable analyzer for space variant beams. Finally, exploiting the non-linear properties of Rb vapor, we show that we can control the circular birefringence all optically, and thus modulate the polarization of the radial polarized beam.
The level structure of copper sulfide nanocrystals of different sizes was investigated by correlating scanning tunneling spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry data in relation to sensing applications. Upon oxidation of Cu2S nanocrystals in the low‐chalcocite phase, correlated changes are detected by both methods. The cyclic voltammetry oxidation peak of Cu(1+) down shifts, while in‐gap states, adjacent to the valence‐band edge, appeared in the tunneling spectra. These changes are attributed to Cu vacancy formation leading to a Cu depleted phase of the nanocrystals. The relevance of the oxidation to the use of copper sulfide nanocrystals in hydrogen peroxide sensing was also addressed, showing that upon oxidation the sensitivity vanishes. These findings bare significance to the use of copper sulfide nanocrystals in glucose sensing applications.
Abstract: Corporate entities enjoy legal subjectivity in a variety of forms, but they are not human beings. This paper explores, from a normative point of view, one of the limits that ought to be imposed on the capacity of corporations to be treated "as if" they had a human nature, their recognition as legitimate bearers of basic human rights. The assertion that corporations, like living persons, are entitled to constitutional protection was famously brought to the fore by a number of recent Supreme Court cases, most notably the Citizens United and the Hobby Lobby cases. In the rational choice analysis that follows this paper reveals that the new jurisprudence emanating from Citizens United may be justified in the relatively insignificant cases of small companies with egalitarian distribution of shares, but ought to be rejected in the more meaningful cases of large public corporations with controlling stockholders. The ruling in Hobby Lobby, on the other hand, can be defended regardless of the size of the corporation or the composition of its owners. In both of these cases it is not the rights of the corporate entity which is truly at stake and the final outcome ought to hinge on the constitutional rights of real human beings.
Corporate entities enjoy legal subjectivity in a variety of forms, but they are not human beings, and hence their legal capacity to bear rights and obligations of their own is not universal. This paper explores, from a normative point of view, one of the limits that ought to be set on the capacity of corporations to act "as if" they had a human nature, their capacity to commit crime. Accepted wisdom has it that corporate criminal liability is justified as a measure to deter criminal behavior. Our analysis supports this intuition in one subset of cases, but also reveals that deterrence might in fact be undermined in another subset of cases, especially in an environment saturated with plea bargains involving serious violations of the law.
Sophie Weiss, Van Treuren, Will , Lozupone, Catherine , Faust, Karoline , Friedman, Jonathan , Deng, Ye , Xia, Li Charlie , Xu, Zhenjiang Zech , Ursell, Luke , Alm, Eric J, Birmingham, Amanda , Cram, Jacob A, Fuhrman, Jed A, Raes, Jeroen , Sun, Fengzhu , Zhou, Jizhong , ו Knight, Rob . 2016.
“Correlation Detection Strategies In Microbial Data Sets Vary Widely In Sensitivity And Precision”, 10, 7, Pp. 1669 - 1681. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Disruption of healthy microbial communities has been linked to numerous diseases, yet microbial interactions are little understood. This is due in part to the large number of bacteria, and the much larger number of interactions (easily in the millions), making experimental investigation very difficult at best and necessitating the nascent field of computational exploration through microbial correlation networks. We benchmark the performance of eight correlation techniques on simulated and real data in response to challenges specific to microbiome studies: fractional sampling of ribosomal RNA sequences, uneven sampling depths, rare microbes and a high proportion of zero counts. Also tested is the ability to distinguish signals from noise, and detect a range of ecological and time-series relationships. Finally, we provide specific recommendations for correlation technique usage. Although some methods perform better than others, there is still considerable need for improvement in current techniques.
Ami Reznik, Feinerman, Eli , Finkelshtain, Israel , Kan, Iddo , Fisher, F. , Huber-Lee, Annette , ו Joyce, B.. 2016.
“The Cost Of Covering Costs: A Nationwide Model For Water Pricing”. Water Economics And Policy, 02, 04, Pp. 1650024. doi:10.1142/S2382624X16500247.
Publisher's Version תקציר This study offers a high-resolution model of nationwide water supply. The model is sufficiently detailed to represent all main water sources in an economy, the principal segments of the conveyance system, urban, industrial and agricultural demand regions, and various water types, including fresh, saline and recycled. Calibrated for Israeli 2010 data, we find that the optimal extraction of fresh water is only 2% larger than the total observed supply from those sources. However, for some specific sources, the deviation between optimal and observed quantities is significant. Assuming average constant recharge, the optimal aggregated desalination is 57% of the 2010 desalination capacity and only 33% of the present desalination capacity. Even with an assumed 40% decline in recharge (for example, due to climate change), the model uses only 50% of the present desalination capacity. This may suggest that the construction of desalination facilities in Israel, which began in 2005, could have been delayed. The model establishes a comprehensive system of pumping levies and user fees that support the optimal allocation. However, due to considerable scale economies, the average cost is almost 50% larger than the marginal cost. The implications are that the welfare cost of the recent Israeli Balanced Budget Water Economy legislation is more than 100 million USD per year, about 10% of the water economy share of the GDP.
Koushik Chandra, Das, Priyadip , Mamidi, Samarasimhareddy , Hurevich, Mattan , Iosub-Amir, Anat , Metanis, Norman , Reches, Meital , ו Friedler, Assaf . 2016.
“Covalent Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Integrase By N-Succinimidyl Peptides”. Chemmedchem, 11, 18, Pp. 1987-1994. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600190.
תקציר
We present a new approach for the covalent inhibition of HIV-1 integrase (IN) by an LEDGF/p75-derived peptide modified with an N-terminal succinimide group. The covalent inhibition is mediated by direct binding of the succinimide to the amine group of a lysine residue in IN. The peptide serves as a specific recognition sequence for the target protein, while the succinimide serves as the binding moiety. The combination of a readily synthesizable peptide precursor with easy and efficient binding to the target protein makes this approach a promising new strategy for designing lead compounds.
Koushik Chandra, Das, Priyadip , Mamidi, Samarasimhareddy , Hurevich, Mattan , Iosub‐Amir, Anat , Metanis, Norman , Reches, Meital , ו Friedler, Assaf . 2016.
“Covalent Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Integrase By N-Succinimidyl Peptides”. Chemmedchem, 11, 18, Pp. 1987-1994.
תקציר Chandra K., P., Das , S., Mamidi , M., Hurevich , A., Iosub-Amir , N., Metanis , M., Reches , ו A., Friedler . 2016.
“Covalent Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Integrase By N-Succinimidyl Peptides”. Chemmedchem. .
קישור תקציר We present a new approach for the covalent inhibition of HIV‐1 integrase (IN) by an LEDGF/p75‐derived peptide modified with an N‐terminal succinimide group. The covalent inhibition is mediated by direct binding of the succinimide to the amine group of a lysine residue in IN. The peptide serves as a specific recognition sequence for the target protein, while the succinimide serves as the binding moiety. The combination of a readily synthesizable peptide precursor with easy and efficient binding to the target protein makes this approach a promising new strategy for designing lead compounds.
Roberto Galizi, Hammond, Andrew , Kyrou, Kyros , Taxiarchi, Chrysanthi , Bernardini, Federica , O’Loughlin, Samantha M. , Papathanos, Philippos Aris , Nolan, Tony , Windbichler, Nikolai , ו Crisanti, Andrea . 2016.
“A Crispr-Cas9 Sex-Ratio Distortion System For Genetic Control”, 6, 1, Pp. 31139. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Genetic control aims to reduce the ability of insect pest populations to cause harm via the release of modified insects. One strategy is to bias the reproductive sex ratio towards males so that a population decreases in size or is eliminated altogether due to a lack of females. We have shown previously that sex ratio distortion can be generated synthetically in the main human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, by selectively destroying the X-chromosome during spermatogenesis, through the activity of a naturally-occurring endonuclease that targets a repetitive rDNA sequence highly-conserved in a wide range of organisms. Here we describe a CRISPR-Cas9 sex distortion system that targets ribosomal sequences restricted to the member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Expression of Cas9 during spermatogenesis resulted in RNA-guided shredding of the X-chromosome during male meiosis and produced extreme male bias among progeny in the absence of any significant reduction in fertility. The flexibility of CRISPR-Cas9 combined with the availability of genomic data for a range of insects renders this strategy broadly applicable for the species-specific control of any pest or vector species with an XY sex-determination system by targeting sequences exclusive to the female sex chromosome.
S.K. Poovathingal #, Kravchenko-Balasha#, N. , Shin, Y.S. , Levine, R.D. , ו Heath, J.R.. 2016.
“Critical Points In Tumorigenesis: A Carcinogen-Initiated Phase Transition Analyzed Via Single-Cell Proteomics”. Small, 12, 11, Pp. 1425–31. doi:10.1002/smll.201501178.
Publisher's Version Suresh Kumar Poovathingal, Kravchenko-Balasha, Nataly , Shin, Young Shik , Levine, Raphael David, ו Heath, James R. 2016.
“Critical Points In Tumorigenesis: A Carcinogen-Initiated Phase Transition Analyzed Via Single-Cell Proteomics”. Small, 12, Pp. 1425-1431. doi:10.1002/smll.201501178.
