Isaac Ginsburg, Lahav, Meir , Ne’eman, N. , Duchan, Z , Chanes, S. , ו Sela, MN . 1976.
“The Interaction Of Leukocytes And Their Hydrolases With Bacteria In Vitro And In Vivo: The Modification Of The Bactericidal And Bacteriolytic Reactions By Cationic And Anionic Macromolecular Substances And By Anti-Inflammatory Agents”. Agents And Actions (Inflammation Research, 6, Pp. 292-305.
תקציר Acid hydrolases from extracts of human blood leucocytes lyse Staph.aureus, Staph.albus and Strep.faecalis in vitro. The leucocyte enzymes can be substituted by a lytic mixture which contains crude trypsin, lysolecithin, phospholipase C and lysozyme, which lyse other bacterial species, e.g. E.coli and Listeria which are resistant to leucocyte enzymes. Bacteriolysis by the lytic agents is strongly inhibited by the anionic polyelectrolytes, heparin, chondroitin sulphate, DNA, dextran sulphate and other sulphated mucopolysaccharides, by the cationic materials, histone, protamine sulphate, leucocyte cationic proteins and polylysine. Other strong inhibitors are trypsan blue and congo red, the phospholipids phosphatidyl serine and ethanolamine, gold thiomalate, extracts of coffee and tea and the anti-inflammatory agents, ultracorten-H, and ultracortenol. Bacteriolysis is also strongly inhibited by normal human serum and by synovial fluids from patients with a variety of joint diseases. The inhibitors in these body fluids are associated with the globulin fractions. Since mixtures of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, at equimolar concentrations, failed to inhibit bacteriolysis by leucocyte enzymes, it is postulated that a delicate balance between positively and negatively charged inhibitors control the degradation of cell wall components of bacteria in inflamed areas. Such bacterial components, induce ’storage type’ granulomas. The possible role played by polyelectrolytes in the control of the inflammatory process induced by leucocyte hydrolases will be discussed.
This is an edition of two texts by Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī (d. 412/1021), one of the most important Ṣūfī authors. Al-Sulamī combined thorough knowledge of tradition (ḥadīth) with the Ṣūfī heritage. He paved the way for the gradual acceptance of Ṣūfism into the mainstream of Islamic thought, by endeavoring in much of his work to prove that Ṣūfism and Islam were mutually compatible .
The texts in this edition present two important aspects of al-Sulamī‟s writings. In the Jawāmi‘ adāb al-Ṣūfiyya ("A collection of Ṣūfī rules of conduct"), al-Sulamī provides us with what is apparently the first comprehensive documentation of Ṣūfī customs and practices. Most of the Jawāmi‘ consists of Ṣūfi sayings representing the views of five generations of thinkers. The subjects dealt with cover a wide range and reflect the preoccupations of Ṣūfī society.
The second work is a handbook of spiritual discipline entitled ‘Uyūb al-nafs wa-mudāwātuhā ("The defects of the soul and their remedy"). As its title suggests, the ‘Uyūb deals with one of the central motifs of Ṣūfism, the constant struggle against the nafs, or the "lower soul". The attitudes and beliefs expressed are on the whole characteristic of the early ascetics, who regarded the conduct of the Prophet as the supreme example. In both style and content, this work occupies the middle ground between the worlds of ḥadīth, adab, and ethics. The two texts contribute not only to a better appreciation of al-Sulamī's work, but also to our understanding of a crucial phase in the history of Ṣūfism.
The chance discovery in 1974, somewhere in the Jerusalem region, of a group of over 70 bullae (clay sealings from papyrus and parchment documents) and two actual seals is of great importance for the study of Yehud, the province of Judea under Persian rule. The entire collection, which probably originated in an official archive, dates from the very late 6th century BCE. Twelve different seals were responsible for the 65 bullae inscribed in Hebrew and written in the Aramaic script. A description, line drawing, and photograph accompany each bulla. Parallel English and Hebrew versions of the text of each inscription are given. The paleography, comparative epigraphic materials (accompanied by script charts), chronology, and historical setting are analyzed.
This gazetteer, the result of an enormous amount of original research, is more than a mere list of over 900 sites in Roman Palestine. Each entry contains a proposed reconstruction of the ancient Hebrew (or Greek) name as well as its ancient and modern equivalents. Map references indicate the location of the sites on the eight detailed maps. In addition, ancient Greek, Latin, and Semitic sources mentioning each locality, modern literature on each site, and relevant historical, archaeological, and geographical information are provided.
Diimide, generated from azodicarboxylic acid at 25°, was used to reduce a series of cycloalkenes and cycloalkadienes (C5-C8, C12). In agreement with redns. with diimide conducted at 80°C by Garbisch, Schildcrout, Patterson, and Sprecher (1965), the relative reactivity of the monoenes fall in the order norbornen »C8(cis) \textgreater C5 \textgreater C7 \textgreater C6; however, the spread in rates is greater in the present study. Compared to cyclohexene, the relative reactivity of C8(trans) and norbornene are 2200 and 700, resp., at 25°. 1,3-Cyclohexadiene is more reactive than cyclohexene; however, the cyclo-C5, cyclo-C7, and cyclo-C8-1,3-dienes are less reactive than the monoene each forms on redn. Although conjugation tends to lower the reactivity of a diene, torsional strain, which serves here as a driving force, may reduce the planarity of a conjugated system, as in 1,3-cyclohexadiene, and thus the conjugative interaction as well. [on SciFinder(R)]
