@article {1589,
	title = {Are cationic antimicrobial peptides also {\textquoteright}double-edged swords{\textquoteright}?},
	journal = {Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {453-462},
	abstract = {The present view focuses on the possibility that cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) might, in addition to their killing effects due to permeabilization of microbial membranes, also function similarly to beta-lactam antibiotics to activate nascent autolytic wall enzymes, leading to bacteriolysis. Since the massive release of microbial cell wall components is a major cause of postinfectious sequelae, the in vivo process of bacteriolysis must be controlled. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, CAMPs might be useful as an alternative to antibiotics. However, they should be used with caution, since they might also function as a {\textquoteright}double-edged sword{\textquoteright} by injuring both the bacteria and host.},
	author = {Isaac Ginsburg and Erez Koren}
}
@article {1884,
	title = {Inflammaging - Altern als Konsequenz chronischer Entz{\"u}ndungen: Das Beispiel Padma 28.},
	journal = {Swiss Journal of Integrative Medicine},
	volume = {20},
	number = {7-8},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {412-417},
	abstract = {ZusammenfassungInflammaging bezeichnet einen chronischen Entz{\"u}ndungszustand, der durch altersbedingte Ver{\"a}nderungen des Immunsystems entsteht. Dieser wird als Grundlage vieler chronisch-entz{\"u}ndlicher Alterskrankheiten wie z.B. Arteriosklerose, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Morbus Alzheimer und Krebserkrankungen vermutet. Die Entstehung des vorherrschenden proinflammatorischen Milieus und der Verlauf des Entz{\"u}ndungsprozesses wird durch oxidativen Stress beschleunigt und in manchen F{\"a}llen verst{\"a}rkt. Bei Entz{\"u}ndungsprozessen sch{\"u}tten aktivierte Immunzellen ein Arsenal an bioaktiven Stoffen aus, welche synergistisch zusammenwirken und neben positiven Wirkungen auch zu Zell- und Gewebesch{\"a}den f{\"u}hren. Im Fall einer manifesten Infektion sind {\"a}hnliche Prozesse beschrieben worden. Komplexe Phytotherapeutika (z.B. Padma 28) sind als pleiotrop wirkende Gemische geeignet, diesen krankmachenden Prozess an unterschiedlichen Wirkorten zu unterbinden. So sind etwa neben dem klinischen Effekt von Padma 28 bei Arteriosklerose auch verschiedene antiatherogene Wirkungsmechanismen des Pr{\"a}parats gut dokumentiert. Die Resultate st{\"u}tzen die Hypothese eines {\guillemotleft}multi- target{\guillemotright}-Behandlungsansatzes von chronisch-entz{\"u}ndlichen Erkrankungen mit pflanzlichen Vielstoffgemischen, die hier einen wertvollen Betrag f{\"u}r neue Pr{\"a}ventions- und Therapieverfahren liefern k{\"o}nnen. Sie sind somit geeignet, den Formenkreis von Inflammaging g{\"u}nstig zu beeinflussen, die Entstehung von Folgeerkrankheiten zu verlangsamen bzw. in manchen F{\"a}llen zu verhindern.},
	author = {Isaac Ginsburg and C{\'e}cile Vennos and Erez Koren}
}
@article {1864,
	title = {MDI 301, a nonirritating retinoid, improves abrasion wound healing in damaged/atrophic skin},
	journal = {Wound Repair and Regeneration},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {117-124},
	abstract = {MDI 301 is a picolinic acid-substituted ester of 9-cis retinoic acid. It has been shown in the past that MDI 301 increases epidermal thickness, decreases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and increases procollagen synthesis in organ-cultured human skin. Unlike all-trans retinoic acid (RA), MDI 301 does not induce expression of proinflammatory cytokines or induce expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules in human skin. In the present study we examined topical MDI 301 treatment for ability to improve the structure and function of skin in three models of skin damage in rodents and for ability to improve abrasion wound healing in these models. MDI 301 was applied daily to the skin of rats treated with the potent corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate, to the skin of diabetic rats (8 weeks posttreatment with streptozotocin) and to the skin of aged (14-16-month-old) rats. In all three models, subsequently induced abrasion wounds healed more rapidly in the retinoid-treated animals than in vehicle-treated controls. Immediately after complete wound closure, tissue from the wound site (as well as from a control site) was put into organ culture and maintained for 3 days. At the end of the incubation period, culture fluids were assessed for soluble type I collagen and for MMPs-2 and -9. In all three models, the level of type I collagen was increased and MMP levels were decreased by MDI 301. In all three models, skin irritation during the retinoid-treatment phase was virtually nonexistent.},
	author = {RL. Warner and N Bhagavathula and K. Nerusu and A. Hanosh and SD. McClintock and MK. Naik and KJ. Johnson and Isaac Ginsburg and James Varani}
}
@article {1743,
	title = {Supplementation with antioxidants fails to increase the total\&nbsp;antioxidant capacity of several cell lines in culture},
	journal = {Biomedicine \& Pharmacotherapy},
	volume = {62},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {179-188},
	abstract = {Low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) supplements are a popular and routine approach to assist the cell and the whole organism to cope with increasing oxidative stress. Numerous experiments have been conducted in which exogenous antioxidants were supplemented to cells, animals and humans to prevent and delay pathological disorders associated with reactive oxygen species. Recently, many meta-analysis publications have demonstrated the failure of this approach and in some cases even showed an increase in the severity of the disease and all-cause mortality. The reasons for the lack of success are not fully understood and the concept of antioxidant therapy is questionable. We suggest a new explanation concerning the way antioxidants function in the living cells that can elucidate some of the conflicting data published. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the overall antioxidant capacities of cells in culture remains constant and since the cells tightly regulate this antioxidant network, supplementation with exogenous antioxidants cannot enhance the total antioxidant capacity of the cells. This assumption was examined in HaCaT, Hep3B, PC3 and Caco-2 cells using several types of antioxidant supplements. It has been shown that while the levels of the specific administrated antioxidant increased significantly intracellularly, the overall antioxidant capacity of the cells as evaluated by various methods did not increase, and in some cases, even decreased. These results support the hypothesis and demonstrate that the total antioxidant capacity of these cells in culture is kept under tight regulation and cannot be enhanced by exogenous LMWA.},
	author = {Erez Koren and I. Zverev and Isaac Ginsburg and Ron Kohen}
}
