@article {17406,
	title = {Thiazolidinedione-8 Alters Symbiotic Relationship in C. albicans-S. mutans Dual Species Biofilm},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	abstract = {The small molecule, thiazolidinedione-8 (S-8) was shown to impair biofilm formation of various microbial pathogens, including the fungus\&nbsp;Candida albicans\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;Streptococcus mutans. Previously, we have evaluated the specific molecular mode of S-8 action against\&nbsp;C. albicans\&nbsp;biofilm-associated pathogenicity. In this study we investigated the influence of S-8 on dual species,\&nbsp;C. albicans-S. mutans\&nbsp;biofilm. We show that in the presence of S-8 a reduction of the co-species biofilm formation occurred with a major effect on\&nbsp;C. albicans. Biofilm biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production were significantly reduced by S-8. Moreover, the agent caused oxidative stress associated with a strong induction of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide uptake inhibition by a mixed biofilm. In addition, S-8 altered symbiotic relationship between these species by a complex mechanism. Streptococcal genes associated with quorum sensing (QS) (comDE\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;luxS), EPS production (gtfBCD\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;gbpB), as well as genes related to protection against oxidative stress (nox\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;sodA) were markedly upregulated by S-8. In contrast, fungal genes related to hyphae formation (hwp1), adhesion (als3), hydrophobicity (csh1), and oxidative stress response (sod1,\&nbsp;sod2, and\&nbsp;cat1) were downregulated in the presence of S-8. In addition,\&nbsp;ywp1\&nbsp;gene associated with yeast form of\&nbsp;C. albicans\&nbsp;was induced by S-8, which is correlated with appearance of mostly yeast cells in S-8 treated dual species biofilms. We concluded that S-8 disturbs symbiotic balance between\&nbsp;C. albicans\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;S. mutans\&nbsp;in dual species biofilm.},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00140/full},
	author = {Mark Feldman and Isaac Ginsburg and Abed Al-Quntar1 and Steinberg, Doron}
}
