@article {3041237,
	title = {The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Different Sources in Bone Development},
	journal = {Nutrients},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Rozner, Reut Vernikov, Janna Griess-Fishheimer, Shelley Travinsky, Tamar Penn, Svetlana Schwartz, Betty Mesilati-Stahy, Ronit Argov-Argaman, Nurit Shahar, Ron Monsonego-Ornan, Efrat eng Switzerland Nutrients. 2020 Nov 13;12(11). pii: nu12113494. doi: 10.3390/nu12113494.},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that must be obtained from the diet. We have previously showed that endogenous n-3 PUFAs contribute to skeletal development and bone quality in fat-1 mice. Unlike other mammals, these transgenic mice, carry the n-3 desaturase gene and thus can convert n-6 to n-3 PUFAs endogenously. Since this model does not mimic dietary exposure to n-3 PUFAs, diets rich in fish and flaxseed oils were used to further elucidate the role of n-3 PUFAs in bone development. Our investigation reveals that dietary n-3 PUFAs decrease fat accumulation in the liver, lower serum fat levels, and alter fatty acid (FA) content in liver and serum. Bone analyses show that n-3 PUFAs improve mechanical properties, which were measured using a three-point bending test, but exert complex effects on bone structure that vary according to its source. In a micro-CT analysis, we found that the flaxseed oil diet improves trabecular bone micro-architecture, whereas the fish oil diet promotes higher bone mineral density (BMD) with no effect on trabecular bone. The transcriptome characterization of bone by RNA-seq identified regulatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs via modulation of the cell cycle and peripheral circadian rhythm genes. These results extend our knowledge and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling regulation induced by different sources of dietary n-3 PUFAs.},
	keywords = {Animals Bone Development/*drug effects Bone and Bones/*drug effects Diet Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Inbred C57BL Mice, Omega-3/metabolism/*pharmacology Fatty Acids, Omega-6/pharmacology Female Fish Oils/pharmacology Gene Expression Liver Mechanical Tests Mice Mice, Transgenic Transcriptome X-Ray Microtomography RNA-sequencing bone mechanics growth plate n-3 fatty acids n-6 fatty acids},
	issn = {2072-6643 (Electronic) 2072-6643 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.3390/nu12113494},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202985},
	author = {Rozner, R. and Vernikov, J. and Griess-Fishheimer, S. and Travinsky, T. and Penn, S. and Schwartz, B. and Mesilati-Stahy, R. and Argov-Argaman, N. and R. Shahar and Monsonego-Ornan, E.}
}
