We demonstrate how the emergence of extreme events strongly depends on the correlation length of the input field distribution. Observing the behavior of optical waves in turbulent photorefractive propagation with partially incoherent excitations, we find that rogue waves are strongly enhanced for a characteristic input correlation scale. Waveform analysis identifies this scale with a characteristic peak-intensity-independent wave size, suggesting a general role played by saturation in the nonlinear response in rogue phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using temperature-resolved dielectric spectroscopy in the range 25-320 K we investigate the macroscopic response, phase symmetry, and order/disorder states in bulk ferroelectric K1-yLiyTa1-xNbx (KLTN). Four long-range symmetry phases are identified with their relative transitions. Directional analysis of the order/disorder states using Fröhlich entropy indicates global symmetry breaking along the growth axis and an anisotropic dipolar effective thermodynamic behavior, which ranges from disordered to ordered at the same temperature for different directions in the sample. Results indicate that the macroscopic polarization, driven by nanosized polar regions, follows a microscopic perovskite eight-sites lattice model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report the direct observation of the onset of turbulence in propagating one-dimensional optical waves. The transition occurs as the disordered hosting material passes from being linear to one with extreme nonlinearity. As the response grows, increased wave interaction causes a modulational unstable quasihomogeneous flow to be superseded by a chaotic and spatially incoherent one. Statistical analysis of high-resolution wave behavior in the turbulent regime unveils the emergence of concomitant rogue waves. The transition, observed in a photorefractive ferroelectric crystal, introduces a new and rich experimental setting for the study of optical wave turbulence and information transport in conditions dominated by large fluctuations and extreme nonlinearity.;

A generic methodology for constructing complex integrated electro-optic circuits in waveguided configurations is presented. The method is based on combining two techniques, ’laser ablation’ and ’refractive index engineering by ion implantations.’ The constructed circuits are side-cladded by air trenches that were produced using laser ablation and bottom-cladded by a layer with a reduced refractive index which is generated through the implantation of He.sup.+ ions. This fabrication technique enables the construction of circular structures with complex geometry featuring small radii of curvature, and further can be employed to construct microfluidic channels on the same substrate. The research demonstrates waveguides in both linear and circular configurations that were constructed in a potassium lithium tantalate niobate (KLTN) substrate using the aforementioned method, proving that this substrate is a suitable candidate for use in creating laboratories-on-a-chip with multifunctional capabilities. The proposed techniques used in the research are generic and applicable to a wide range of substrates.

A method for suppressing the formation of optical damage in quadratic electrooptic devices operated at short wavelengths is presented. Formation of optical damage is attributed to the generation of a trapped space charge induced by photoionization of impurity ions by the propagating beam. It is shown that in potassium lithium tantalate niobate where the electrooptic effect is quadratic, operating the electrooptic device by a bipolar driving voltage prevents the space charge from accumulating, which inhibits the formation of the optical damage. A 6 hours continuous operation of electrooptic modulator for a 30 W/cm2 at λ = 445 nm input beam is demonstrated.

We demonstrate tunable electro-optic guiding, shaping, and switching of beams in the near infrared spectrum ( 980 nm), typical of VCSEL technology, using biomimetic 3D funnel waveguides miniaturized into a sample of potassium–lithium–tantalate–niobate. The switchable waveguides are written using the slow photorefractive build-up of a 3D volume space-charge field caused by a diffracting continuous wave low intensity λ = 532 nm beam, and electro-optic functionality is supported by the quadratic electro-optic effect of the high-symmetry paraelectric phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Copyright of Journal of Optics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report the observation of diffraction cancellation for visible beams with widths from tens of wavelengths down to fractions of the optical wavelength. The phenomenon is observed at the transition from diffraction- to antidiffraction-dominated beam propagation, triggered by a thermal shock in a photorefractive nanodisordered lithium-enriched potassium-tantalate-niobate (KTN:Li) crystal. Here beams propagate without distortion, independently of intensity and size. Confirming the main prediction of the scale-free-optics model, we find a single unified light behavior that spans across the entire hierarchy of standard optical spatial scales, from wide plane-wave-like beams that obey geometrical optics down to ultranarrow beams with widths of the order of a single wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)