2021
Southeast Asia Program Publications Cornell University Press
Indonesians and Their Arab World explores the ways contemporary Indonesians understand their relationship to the Arab world. Despite being home to the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia exists on the periphery of an Islamic world centered around the Arabian Peninsula. Mirjam Lücking approaches the problem of interpreting the current conservative turn in Indonesian Islam by considering the ways personal relationships, public discourse, and matters of religious self-understanding guide two groups of Indonesians who actually travel to the Arabian Peninsula—labor migrants and Mecca pilgrims—in becoming physically mobile and making their mobility meaningful. This concept, which Lücking calls "guided mobility," reveals that changes in Indonesian Islamic traditions are grounded in domestic social constellations and calls claims of outward Arab influence in Indonesia into question. With three levels of comparison (urban and rural areas, Madura and Central Java, and migrants and pilgrims), this ethnographic case study foregrounds how different regional and socioeconomic contexts determine Indonesians' various engagements with the Arab world.
Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain that affects over 65 million people worldwide. Acquired epilepsy is initiated by neurological insults, such as status epilepticus, which can result in the generation of ROS and induction of oxidative stress. Suppressing oxidative stress by upregulation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to be an effective strategy to increase endogenous antioxidant defences, including in brain diseases, and can ameliorate neuronal damage and seizure occurrence in epilepsy. Here, we aim to test the neuroprotective potential of a naturally occurring Nrf2 activator sulforaphane, in in vitro epileptiform activity model and a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model. Sulforaphane significantly decreased ROS generation during epileptiform activity, restored glutathione levels, and prevented seizure-like activity-induced neuronal cell death. When given to rats after 2 h of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, sulforaphane significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and related antioxidant genes, improved oxidative stress markers, and increased the total antioxidant capacity in both the plasma and hippocampus. In addition, sulforaphane significantly decreased status epilepticus-induced neuronal cell death. Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 activation following an insult to the brain exerts a neuroprotective effect by reducing neuronal death, increasing the antioxidant capacity, and thus may also modify epilepsy development.
Sivan Frankin, Roychowdhury, Rajib , Nashef, Kamal , Abbo, Shahal , Bonfil, David J. , ו Ben-David, Roi . 2021.
“In-Field Comparative Study Of Landraces Vs. Modern Wheat Genotypes Under A Mediterranean Climate”. Plants, 10, 12. doi:10.3390/plants10122612.
Publisher's Version תקציר The Near East climate ranges from arid to a Mediterranean, under which local wheat landraces have been grown for over millennia, assumingly accumulating a unique repertoire of genetic adaptations. In the current study, we subjected a subset of the Israeli Palestinian Landraces (IPLR) collection (n = 19: durum and bread wheat landraces, modern wheat cultivars, and landraces mixtures) to full-field evaluation. The multifield experiment included a semiarid site (2018–2019, 2019–2020) under low (L) and high (H) supplementary irrigation, and a Mediterranean site (2019–2020). Water availability had a major impact on crop performance. This was reflected in a strong discrimination between environments for biomass productivity and yield components. Compared to landraces, modern cultivars exhibited significantly higher grain yield (GY) across environments (+102%) reflecting the effect of the Green Revolution. However, under the Gilat19 (L) environment, this productivity gap was significantly reduced (only +39%). Five excelling landraces and the durum mix exhibited good agronomic potential across all trails. This was expressed in relatively high GY (2.3–2.85 t ha−1), early phenology (86–96 days to heading) and lodging resistance. Given the growing interest of stakeholders and consumers, these might be considered future candidates for the local artisanal wheat grain market. Yet, this step should be taken only after establishing an adjustable field management protocol.
Social cognition allows humans to understand and predict other people’s behavior by inferring or sharing their emotions, intentions and beliefs. Few studies have investigated the impact of one’s own emotional state on understanding others. Here, we tested the effect of being in an angry state on empathy and theory of mind (ToM). In a between-groups design we manipulated anger status with different paradigms in three studies (autobiographical recall (N = 45), negative feedback (N = 49), frustration (N = 46)) and checked how this manipulation affected empathic accuracy and performance in the EmpaToM. All paradigms were successful in inducing mild anger. We did not find the expected effect of anger on empathy or ToM performance but observed small behavioral changes. Together, our results validate the use of three different anger induction paradigms and speak for rather weak behavioral effects of mild state anger on empathy and ToM.
Dilip Itroutwar Prerna, Govindaraju, Kasivelu , Tamilselvan, Selvaraj , Kannan, Malaichamy , Vasantharaja, Raguraman , Chaturvedi, Sumit , ו Shkolnik, Doron . 2021.
“Influence Of Nanoscale Micro-Nutrient Α-Fe2O3 On Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, Translocation, Physiological Effects And Yield Of Rice (Oryza Sativa) And Maize (Zea Mays)”. Plant Physiology And Biochemistry, 162, Pp. 564-580. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.023.
Publisher's Version תקציר In the present study, nanoscale micronutrient iron (α-Fe2O3) has been prepared via co-precipitation using marine macro alga Turbinaria ornata. The nanoscale micronutrient iron has been used as priming agent for enhancing seed germination, seed quality, uptake, translocation, physiological effects and yield level of rice and maize crops. The physico-chemical characterization techniques results showed the successful preparation of nanoscale micronutrient iron. Seeds primed with nanoscale micronutrient iron at 25 mg/L significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling parameters in comparison with conventional hydro-priming. ROS production in germinating nano-primed seeds of rice and maize enhanced the seed germination better than the conventional hydro-priming. Uptake and distribution of nanoscale micronutrient iron in rice and maize seedlings were studied using HR-SEM & ICP-MS analysis. Foliar application of low concentration (10 mg/L) nanoscale micronutrient iron under field conditions significantly increased the chlorophyll content, yield attributes of rice and maize crops.
Shahar Dery, Alshanski, Israel , Mervinetsky, Evgeniy , Feferman, Daniel , Yitzchaik, Shlomo , Hurevich, Mattan , ו Gross, Elad . 2021.
“The Influence Of Surface Proximity On Photoswitching Activity Of Stilbene-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers”. Chemical Communications, 57, 51, Pp. 6233-6236. doi:10.1039/d1cc02491d.
תקציר
Self-assembly of photo-responsive molecules is a robust technology for reversibly tuning the properties of functional materials. Herein, we probed the crucial role of surface-adsorbate interactions on the adsorption geometry of stilbene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (stilbene-NHCs) monolayers and its impact on surface potential. Stilbene-NHCs on Au film accumulated in a vertical orientation that enabled high photoisomerization efficiency and reversible changes in surface potential. Strong metal-adsorbate interactions led to flat-lying adsorption geometry of stilbene-NHCs on Pt film, which quenched the photo-isomerization influence on surface potential. It is identified that photo-induced response can be optimized by positioning the photo-active group in proximity to weakly-interacting surfaces.
Hagai Shohat, Cheriker, Hadar , Kilambi, Himabindu Vasuki , Illouz Eliaz, Natanella , Blum, Shula , Amsellem, Ziva , Tarkowská, Danuše , Aharoni, Asaph , Eshed, Yuval , ו Weiss, David . 2021.
“Inhibition Of Gibberellin Accumulation By Water Deficiency Promotes Fast And Long-Term ‘Drought Avoidance’ Responses In Tomato”. New Phytologist, 232, 5, Pp. 1985-1998. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17709.
Publisher's Version תקציר Summary Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these ‘drought avoidance’ responses. Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss. Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild-type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants’ smaller canopy areas. The results suggested that drought-induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
Hagai Shohat, Cheriker, Hadar , Kilambi, Himabindu Vasuki , Illouz Eliaz, Natanella , Blum, Shula , Amsellem, Ziva , Tarkowská, Danuše , Aharoni, Asaph , Eshed, Yuval , ו Weiss, David . 2021.
“Inhibition Of Gibberellin Accumulation By Water Deficiency Promotes Fast And Long-Term ‘Drought Avoidance’ Responses In Tomato”. New Phytologistnew Phytologistnew Phytol, 232, 5, Pp. 1985 - 1998. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Summary Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these ?drought avoidance? responses. Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss. Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild-type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants? smaller canopy areas. The results suggested that drought-induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
Hagai Shohat, Cheriker, Hadar , Kilambi, Himabindu Vasuki , Illouz Eliaz, Natanella , Blum, Shula , Amsellem, Ziva , Tarkowská, Danuše , Aharoni, Asaph , Eshed, Yuval , ו Weiss, David . 2021.
“Inhibition Of Gibberellin Accumulation By Water Deficiency Promotes Fast And Long-Term ‘Drought Avoidance’ Responses In Tomato”. New Phytologistnew Phytologistnew Phytol, n/a, n/a. .
Publisher's Version תקציר Summary Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these ?drought avoidance? responses. Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss. Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild-type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants? smaller canopy areas. The results suggested that drought-induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
Batya Isaacson, Baron, Maya , Yamin, Rachel , Bachrach, Gilad , Levi-Schaffer, Francesca , Granot, Zvi , ו Mandelboim, Ofer . 2021.
“The Inhibitory Receptor Cd300A Is Essential For Neutrophil-Mediated Clearance Of Urinary Tract Infection In Mice”. European Journal Of Immunology, 51, 9, Pp. 2218–2224. doi:10.1002/EJI.202049006.
תקציר Neutrophils play a crucial role in immune defense against and clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-mediated urinary tract infection, the most common bacterial infection in healthy humans. CD300a is an inhibitory receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, presented on the membranes of apoptotic cells. CD300a binding to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, also known as the “eat me” signal, mediates immune tolerance to dying cells. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that CD300a plays an important role in the neutrophil-mediated immune response to UPEC-induced urinary tract infection. We show that CD300a-deficient neutrophils have impaired phagocytic abilities and despite their increased accumulation at the site of infection, they are unable to reduce bacterial burden in the bladder, which results in significant exacerbation of infection and worse host outcome. Finally, we demonstrate that UPEC's pore forming toxin $\alpha$-hemolysin induces upregulation of the CD300a ligand on infected bladder epithelial cells, signaling to neutrophils to be cleared.
B Isaacson, Baron, M, Yamin, R, Bachrach, G, Levi-Schaffer, F, Granot, Z, ו Mandelboim, O. 2021.
“The Inhibitory Receptor Cd300A Is Essential For Neutrophil-Mediated Clearance Of Urinary Tract Infection In Mice”. Eur J Immunol, 51, 9, Pp. 2218–2224.
תקציר Neutrophils play a crucial role in immune defense against and clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-mediated urinary tract infection, the most common bacterial infection in healthy humans. CD300a is an inhibitory receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, presented on the membranes of apoptotic cells. CD300a binding to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, also known as the "eat me" signal, mediates immune tolerance to dying cells. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that CD300a plays an important role in the neutrophil-mediated immune response to UPEC-induced urinary tract infection. We show that CD300a-deficient neutrophils have impaired phagocytic abilities and despite their increased accumulation at the site of infection, they are unable to reduce bacterial burden in the bladder, which results in significant exacerbation of infection and worse host outcome. Finally, we demonstrate that UPEC's pore forming toxin ?-hemolysin induces upregulation of the CD300a ligand on infected bladder epithelial cells, signaling to neutrophils to be cleared.
Wenwen Lin, He, Jiangang , McCall, Kyle M. , Stoumpos, Constantinos C. , Liu, Zhifu , Hadar, Ido , Das, Sanjib , Wang, Hsien-Hau , Wang, Bi-Xia , Chung, Duck Young , Wessels, Bruce W. , ו Kanatzidis, Mercouri C.. 2021.
“Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid Tlpbi3 For Ionizing Radiation Detection”. Advanced Functional Materials, 31, 13. doi:10.1002/adfm.202006635}, Early Access Date = AN 2021.
Publisher's Version תקציר Room temperature semiconductor detector (RTSD) materials for γ-ray and X-ray radiation are in great demand for the nonproliferation of nuclear materials as well as for biomedical imaging applications. Halide perovskites have attracted great attention as emerging and promising RTSD materials. In this contribution, the material synthesis, purification, crystal growth, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, ionizing radiation detection performance, and electronic structure of the inorganic halide perovskitoid compound TlPbI3 are reported on. This compound crystallizes in the ABX3 non-perovskite crystal structure with a high density of d = 6.488 g·cm–3, has a wide bandgap of 2.25 eV, and melts congruently at a low temperature of 360 °C without phase transitions, which allows for facile growth of high quality crystals with few thermally-activated defects. High-quality TlPbI3 single crystals of centimeter-size are grown using the vertical Bridgman method using purified raw materials. A high electrical resistivity of ~1012 Ω·cm is readily obtainable, and detectors made of TlPbI3 single crystals are highly photoresponsive to Ag Kα X-rays (22.4 keV), and detects 122 keV γ-rays from 57Co radiation source. The electron mobility-lifetime product µeτe was estimated at 1.8 x 10-5 cm2·V–1. A high relative static dielectric constant of 35.0 indicates strong capability in screening carrier scattering and charged defects in TlPbI3.
Idan Bahat, Netzer, Yishai , Grünzweig, José , Alchanatis, Victor , Peeters, Aviva , Goldshtein, Eitan , Ohana-Levi, Noa , Ben-Gal, Alon , ו Cohen, Yafit . 2021.
“In-Season Interactions Between Vine Vigor, Water Status And Wine Quality In Terrain-Based Management-Zones In A `Cabernet Sauvignon' Vineyard”. Remote Sensing, 13, 9. doi:10.3390/rs13091636.
תקציר Wine quality is the final outcome of the interactions within a vineyard between meteorological conditions, terrain and soil properties, plant physiology and numerous viticultural decisions, all of which are commonly summarized as the terroir effect. Associations between wine quality and a single soil or topographic factor are usually weak, but little information is available on the effect of terrain (elevation, aspect and slope) as a compound micro-terroir factor. We used the topographic wetness index (TWI) as a steady-state hydrologic and integrative measure to delineate management zones (MZs) within a vineyard and to study the interactions between vine vigor, water status and grape and wine quality. The study was conducted in a commercial 2.5-ha Vitis vinifera `Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard in Israel. Based on the TWI, the vineyard was divided into three MZs located along an elongate wadi that crosses the vineyard and bears water only in the rainy winter season. MZ1 was the most distant from the wadi and had low TWI values, MZ3 was closest to the wadi and had high TWI values. Remotely sensed crop water stress index (CWSI) was measured simultaneously with canopy cover (as determined by normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) and with field measurements of midday stem water potential (psi(stem)) and leaf area index (LAI) on several days during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Vines in MZ1 had narrow trunk diameter and low LAI and canopy cover on most measurement days compared to the other two MZs. MZ1 vines also exhibited the highest water stress (highest CWSI and lowest psi(stem)), lowest yield and highest wine quality. MZ3 vines showed higher LAI on most measurement days, lowest water deficit stress (psi(stem)) during phenological stage I, highest yield and lowest wine quality. Yet, in stage III, MZ3 vines exhibited a similar water deficit stress (CWSI and psi(stem)) as MZ2, suggesting that the relatively high vigor in MZ3 vines resulted in higher water deficit stress than expected towards the end of the season, possibly because of high water consumption over the course of the season. TWI and its classification into three MZs served as a reliable predictor for most of the attributes in the vineyard and for their dynamics within the season, and, thus, can be used as a key factor in delineation of MZs for irrigation. Yet, in-season remotely sensed monitoring is required to follow the vine dynamics to improve precision irrigation decisions.
Idan Bahat, Netzer, Yishai , Grünzweig, José M, Alchanatis, Victor , Peeters, Aviva , Goldshtein, Eitan , Ohana-Levi, Noa , Ben-Gal, Alon , ו Cohen, Yafit . 2021.
“In-Season Interactions Between Vine Vigor, Water Status And Wine Quality In Terrain-Based Management-Zones In A &Lsquo;Cabernet Sauvignon&Rsquo;Vineyard”. Remote Sensing, 13, Pp. 1636.
Eugenia S. Vasileiadou, Wang, Bin , Spanopoulos, Ioannis , Hadar, Ido , Navrotsky, Alexandra , ו Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.. 2021.
“Insight On The Stability Of Thick Layers In 2D Ruddlesden-Popper And Dion-Jacobson Lead Iodide Perovskites”. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 143, 6, Pp. 2523-2536. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c11328.
Publisher's Version תקציר Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites are a preeminent class of low-cost semiconductors whose inherent structural tunability and attractive photophysical properties have led to the successful fabrication of solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies. Despite the observed superior stability of 2D lead iodide perovskites over their 3D parent structures, an understanding of their thermochemical profile is missing. Herein, the calorimetric studies reveal that the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) series, incorporating the monovalent-monoammonium spacer cations of pentylammonium (PA) and hexylammonium (HA): (PA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2–6) and (HA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2–4) have a negative enthalpy of formation, relative to their binary iodides. In contrast, the enthalpy of formation for the Dion–Jacobson (DJ) series, incorporating the divalent and cyclic diammonium cations of 3- and 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (3AMP and 4AMP respectively): (3AMP)(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2–5) and (4AMP)(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2–4) have a positive enthalpy of formation. In addition, for the (PA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 family of materials, we report the phase-pure synthesis and single crystal structure of the next member of the series (PA)2(MA)5Pb6I19 (n = 6), and its optical properties, marking this the second n = 6, bulk member published to date. Particularly, (PA)2(MA)5Pb6I19 (n = 6) has negative enthalpy of formation as well. Additionally, the analysis of the structural parameters and optical properties between the examined RP and DJ series offers guiding principles for the targeted design and synthesis of 2D perovskites for efficient solar cell fabrication. Although the distortions of the Pb–I–Pb equatorial angles are larger in the DJ series, the significantly smaller I···I interlayer distances lead to overall smaller band gap values, in comparison with the RP series. Our film stability studies on the RP and DJ perovskites series reveal consistent observations with the thermochemical findings, pointing out to the lower extrinsic stability of the DJ materials in ambient air.
Raymond B. Banister, Schwarz, Melbert T. , Fine, Maoz , Ritchie, Kim B. , ו Muller, Erinn M.. 2021.
“Instability And Stasis Among The Microbiome Of Seagrass Leaves, Roots And Rhizomes, And Nearby Sediments Within A Natural Ph Gradient”. Microbial Ecology. doi:10.1007/s00248-021-01867-9.
Publisher's Version Responsive polymeric hydrogels have found wide application in the clinic as injectable, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials capable of controlled release of therapeutics. In this article, we introduce a thermoresponsive polymer hydrogel bearing covalent disulfide bonds. The cold aqueous polymer solution forms a hydrogel upon heating to physiological temperatures and undergoes slow degradation by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds. The disulfide functionality allows for immediate reductive cleavage of the redox-sensitive bond embedded within the polymer structure, affording the option of instantaneous hydrogel collapse. Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid)-S-S-poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLA-SS-PLA-PEG) copolymer was synthesized by grafting PEG to PLA-SS-PLA via urethane linkages. The aqueous solution of the resultant copolymer was a free-flowing solution at ambient temperatures and formed a hydrogel above 32 °C. The immediate collapsibility of the hydrogel was displayed via reaction with NaBH(4) as a relatively strong reducing agent, yet stability was displayed even in glutathione solution, in which the polymer degraded slowly by hydrolytic degradation. The polymeric hydrogel is capable of either long-term or immediate degradation and thus represents an attractive candidate as a biocompatible material for the controlled release of drugs.
